- Knights of the Clock
-
The Cloistered Order of Conclaved Knights of Sophisticracy,[1] more commonly known as the Knights of the Clock, was an interracial homophile social club based in Los Angeles, California. The Knights were founded by Merton Bird, an African-American man, and W. Dorr Legg, his white lover. Sources differ as to the founding date of the organization, variously citing it as 1949,[2] 1950,[3] and 1951.[4] Regardless of the exact date, the Knights was one of the earliest gay organizations in the United States, with only the Society for Human Rights (established 1924),[5] the Veterans Benevolent Association (established 1945)[6] and possibly the Mattachine Society (established 1950)[7] pre-dating it.
The Knights were primarily a social club, including people of both sexes and family members of couples.[2] They also tried to address social problems that affected interracial couples, including employment counseling[8] and locating integrated housing for same-sex couples.[1] To that end, the Knights discussed the possibility of establishing communes throughout its existence, although no such communes were ever established.[2]
Although social functions routinely attracted as many as 200 participants,[2] at its core the Knights always remained a numerically small group and eventually disbanded in the mid-1950s. Several Knights, including Bird and Legg, went on to join ONE, Inc., another early homophile organization.[9] Sociologist Laud Humphreys cited the Knights as an example of the ability of people of different races to cross racial barriers through commonality of sexual identification.[10]
Notes
- ^ a b Faderman and Timmons, p. 112
- ^ a b c d Humphreys, p. 51
- ^ Sagarin, p. 77
- ^ Sears, p. 119
- ^ Hogan and Hudson, p. 244
- ^ Archer, p. 110
- ^ Hogan and Hudson, pp. 382–3
- ^ White, p. 30
- ^ Faderman and Timmons, p. 116
- ^ Humphreys, p. 85
References
- Archer, Bert (2004). The End of Gay: And the Death of Heterosexuality. Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 1560256117.
- Faderman, Lillian and Stuart Timmons (2006). Gay L.A.: A History of Sexual Outlaws, Power Politics, and Lipstick Lesbians. Basic Books. ISBN 046502288X.
- Hogan, Steve and Lee Hudson (1998). Completely Queer: The Gay and Lesbian Encyclopedia. New York, Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0805036296.
- Humphreys, Laud (1972). Out of the Closets; The Sociology of Homosexual Liberation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Prentice-Hall, ISBN 9780136453178.
- Sagarin, Edward (1975). Structure and Ideology in an Association of Deviants. Ayer Publishing. ISBN 0405074026.
- Sears, James Thomas (2006). Behind the Mask of the Mattachine: The Hal Call Chronicles and the Early Movement for Homosexual Emancipation. Psychology Press. ISBN 1560231874.
- White, C. Todd (2009). Pre-Gay L.A.: A Social History of the Movement for Homosexual Rights. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252076419.
Mattachine Society members Martin Block · Hal Call · Rudi Gernreich · James Gruber · Harry Hay · Julian Hodges · Bob Hull · Dale Jennings · Frank Kameny · Dick Leitsch · Jack Nichols · Chuck Rowland · Konrad StevensDaughters of Bilitis members Jaye Bell · Lisa Ben · Cleo Bonner · Barbara Gittings · Barbara Grier · Kay Lahusen · Rita LaPorte · Phyllis Lyon · Del Martin · Helen Sandoz · Ruth Simpson · Shirley WillerOther activists Merton Bird · Joan Corbin · Reed Erickson · Arthur Evans · Henry Gerber · Morris Kight · Aristide Laurent · W. Dorr Legg · Troy Perry · Clark Polak · Craig Rodwell · Antonio Ryceman · José Sarria · Don Slater · Bailey Whitaker · Randy Wicker · Irma Wolf · H. Lynn WomackPublications Events List of actions · One, Inc. v. Olesen (1958) · MANual Enterprises v. Day (1962) · Annual Reminder (1965–1969) · Compton's Cafeteria riot (1966)Related Black Cat Bar · Black Cat Tavern · DOB Australia · Homophile · Julius (NYC bar) · Minorities Research Group (UK) · ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives · Oscar Wilde Bookshop · The Patch · Tavern GuildCategories:- Defunct LGBT organizations in the United States
- LGBT African American culture
- 1950s in LGBT history
- Organizations based in Los Angeles, California
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.