- Australian rainbowfish
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Australian rainbowfish 
Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Atheriniformes Family: Melanotaeniidae Genus: Melanotaenia Species: M. fluviatilis Binomial name Melanotaenia fluviatilis
(Castelnau, 1878)Synonyms[1] - Aristeus fluviatilis
- Melanotaenia splendida fluviatilis
- Nematocentris fluviatilis
The Australian rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis), known less commonly as the Murray river rainbowfish or the Crimson-spotted rainbowfish,[2] is a species of freshwater rainbowfish endemic to Australia. They are very colourful, hence their name; males of this species are more colourful than females. Australian rainbowfish are schooling fish and will congregate near logs or riverbanks.
Contents
Taxonomy
Melanotaenia fluviatilis was originally described by François de Laporte de Castelnau as Aristeus fluviatilis.[3] Melanotaenia fluviatilis was formerly considered a synonym of M. duboulayi. Authors recognised M. duboulayi and M. fluviatilis either as a single species or separate subspecies, or even as two subspecies of M. splendida. Despite the many similarities between M. duboulayi and M. fluviatilis, they were recognised as separate species in 1986 because of genetic, morphometric, and meristic differences.[4]
Description
Australian rainbowfish reach maximum lengths of 11 centimetres (4.3 in), but the males are usually no larger than 8.5 centimetres (3.3 in) while the females usually only grow to 7 centimetres (2.8 in).[1] The body is elongated, with a small head and large eyes.[5] Australian rainbowfish have two dorsal fins and a pointed anal fin. The caudal (tail) fin is forked shallowly. The fins (excluding the caudal fin) are yellow with dark margins and orange or red markings.[5]
Australian rainbowfish are colourful fish, hence their name. The sides are silvery-brown, and have a green or silver sheen. A blue stripe extends from the snout to the caudal fin. The other fins are yellow and marked with orange or red. In males, several orange stripes run laterally across the posterior half of the body.[5] Females are less intensely coloured, lacking some of the brilliance and red stripes along the caudal peduncle.[6]
Behaviour
Australian rainbowfish are omnivorous. In captivity, their diet comprises all kinds of live foods as well as flake food.[6] They may group around logs and grassy riverbanks.[1] They are peaceful in temperament and tend to school.[5] Breeding is described as "easy" in this species.[6]
Distribution and habitat
Australian rainbowfish are freshwater fish native to Australia, occurring in New South Wales and Queensland, especially in the Murray-Darling basin.[6] They inhabit rivers, drains, creeks, ponds and reservoirs, and occasionally stagnant water.[1] Australian rainbowfish inhabit temperature ranges between 22 and 25 °C (72 and 77 °F).[1] As their range is the southernmost of all rainbowfishes, Australian rainbowfish are the only species adapted to low winter temperatures of 10 to 15 °C (50 to 59 °F).[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2010). "Melanotaenia fluviatilis" in FishBase. March 2010 version.
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, ed. "Common names of Melanotaenia fluviatilis". FishBase.org. http://www.fishbase.org/comnames/CommonNamesList.php?ID=22685&GenusName=Melanotaenia&SpeciesName=fluviatilis&StockCode=18008. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, ed. "Synonyms of Melanotaenia fluviatilis (Castelnau, 1878)". FishBase.org. http://www.fishbase.org/Nomenclature/SynonymsList.php?ID=22685&SynCode=52293&GenusName=Melanotaenia&SpeciesName=fluviatilis. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
- ^ Pusey, Brad; Mark J. Kennard, Angela H. Arthington (2004). Freshwater fishes of north-eastern Australia. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing. p. 222. ISBN 0643069666.
- ^ a b c d Butler, Rhett A.. "Australian Rainbowfish". Mongabay.com. http://fish.mongabay.com/species/Melanotaenia_fluviatilis.html. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
- ^ a b c d Baensch, Hans A.; Rudiger Riehl, Hans A. Smith, Eberhard Schulze, Bob Behme (1997). Aquarium Atlas. 1 (6 ed.). Melle: Hans A. Baensch. p. 850. ISBN 3882440503.
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