Helsinki tram

Infobox Public transit
name = Helsinki tram


imagesize =
locale = Helsinki, Finland
transit_type = Tramway
began_operation = 1891
ended_operation =
system_length =

Total

convert|110|km|mi|1|abbr=on

Passenger traffic

convert|89.5|km|mi|1|abbr=on

lines = 12
vehicles = 122Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos]
stations =
ridership = 200,000 (weekdays)
track_gauge = RailGauge|1
reporting marks =
operator = Helsinki City Transport
owner =

The Helsinki tram network forms part of the Helsinki public transport system managed by Helsinki City Transport in the Finnish capital city of Helsinki. The trams are the main means of transport within the city centre. 56.6 million trips were made in 2004, which is more than those made with the Helsinki Metro. The Helsinki tram network is one of the oldest electrified tram networks in the world.

Since 1999, new low-floor trams have been gradually introduced to operation, but technical difficulties have slowed down this progress. In 2004, Helsinki City Transport bought old 8-axle trams from Germany for cover during this transitional phase.

Lines

There are 12 tram lines in operation as of 10 August 2008.
* 1 Kauppatori–Käpylä "(workdays daytime service only)"
** 1A Eira–Kauppatori–Käpylä "(workdays peak service only)"
* 3B Eira–Kauppatori–Töölö–Kallio–Eira "(figure-of-eight circular)"
* 3T Eira–Töölö–Kallio–Kauppatori–Eira "(figure-of-eight circular)"
* 4 Katajanokka–Munkkiniemi
** 4T Katajanokka ferry terminal–Munkkiniemi "(ferry arrival/departure times only)"
* 6 Hietalahti–Arabia
* 7A Senaatintori–Töölö–Pasila–Senaatintori "(circular)"
* 7B Senaatintori–Pasila–Töölö–Senaatintori "(circular)"
* 8 Salmisaari–Sörnäinen–Arabia
* 9 Kolmikulma–Kallio–Itä-Pasila
* 10 Kirurgi–Pikku-Huopalahti

Lines 3B and 3T will be realigned in the beginning of 2009, coinciding with the construction of the new tram tracks into Kamppi. The new route for 3B will be Olympiaterminaali—Eira—Hakaniemi—Eläintarha (covering half of the current figure 8 route trafficked by both lines), while the new route for 3T will be Olympiaterminaali—Kamppi—Töölö—Eläintarha (covering the other half of the current figure 8 route trafficked by both lines, with changes to the route at the Helsinki Central railway station and Kamppi).Helsingin Sanomat] Helsingin Sanomat]

Technology and infrastructure

The tram network is built almost exclusively on the streets of Helsinki, making it a traditional tram system, not a light rail one. The tracks have a track gauge of one metre. The network consists almost exclusively of double track. In some parts the tracks are separated from other road traffic, whereas elsewhere tracks lie on lanes that cars and buses may also use.

The trams are powered with electricity that is conveyed by overhead wires. Trams have their own traffic lights, which are distinguished from normal lights in that they are based on symbols of single colour: an upward-pointing arrow signifies "go", a horizontal line "prepare to stop" and the letter S "stop". The traffic lights are synchronised to allow tram and bus traffic to flow relatively smoothly. This system is called HeLMi (Helsinki Public Transport Signal Priority and Passenger Information).Helsinki Urban Traffic Control Centre]

Depots

As of 2008, there are four tram depots/workshops in Helsinki; HKL-maintained depots in Töölö, Vallila and Koskela, and a Bombardier-maintained workshop at Pasilan konepaja.

* The Töölö depot houses trams running on lines 4 and 10, approximately one third of the whole rolling stock. The Helsinki tram museum is located next to the Töölö depot. Between 1948 and 1974 the Töölö depot also housed the trolleybuses used on Helsinki's sole trolleybus line.Finnish Tramway Society]
* The Vallila depot houses repair-, paint- and rebuilding facilities, and administrative functions.Finnish Tramway Society]
* The Koskela depot is the largest tram depot in Helsinki. It houses approximately two thirds of trams in the city, and contains training facilities.Finnish Tramway Society] The Koskela depot is linked to the main Helsinki tram network by a long section of double track that is not used by passenger-serving trams.
* The Pasilan konepaja tram workshop was established in mid-2008 by Bombardier transportation as a repair shop for the Helsinki Variotrams,Finnish Tramway Society] the maintainance of which became Bombardier's responsibility in May 2008.Helsingin Sanomat] The workshop takes up a part of the former VR Group electric locomotive workshop at Pasilan konepaja. At of August 2008, the workshop does not have a permanent link to the tram network (although tracks run just outside the depot doors); instead, portable tracks are used to run the trams to and from the workshop.

Planning process is underway (as of October 2008) for excavating a new underground tram depot in the base rock below the existing Vallila depot and adjacent city blocks. The underground depot is planned to have facilities for housing 180 trams plus repair facilities and staff parking spaces.] ] The underground depot would partially or completely replace the Koskela depot, which is inconviniently located far from normally operated tram lines and would require a major reconstruction if kept in use.Vartti.fi]

Rolling stock

The following trams types are in passenger-carrying service with HKL as of June 2008:

Future acquisitions

HKL are planning to acquire an additional forty trams, to be delivered 2009–2016.Helsingin Sanomat] €59 million have been allocated for this purpose for the years 2009-2011.Mirva Haltia-Holmberg]

In preparation for the acquisition of new trams, in 2007–2008 one CROTRAM "TMK 2200" type tram built in Croatia was used for test running in Helsinki.Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos] Due to the hilly nature of Helsinki's tram network compared to that of Zagreb (for which the "TMK 2200" type was designed), the "TMK 2200" could only be operated on the relatively flat-terrain lines 6 and 8.Helsingin Sanomat] The tram performed technically without problems. Passenger feedback was largely negative, but mostly concerned issues—such as the seating arrangements—that would be changed if the type would be mass-produced for HKL.Helsingin Sanomat] Finnish Tramway Society] In addition to CROTRAM, at least Stadler Rail, Heiter Blick (in collaboration with Vossloh), Škoda and Siemens are presumed to submit tenders in the call for bids that is to be organised.Mirva Haltia-Holmberg]

The HKL have also made designs for a tram concept of their own, which would be optimised for Helsinki's tram network. It is not known if these designs will be realised or which company would build them should they be brought to production.Helsingin Sanomat] www.kaupunkiliikenne.net] The designs drawn up by the HKL are very similar to the VAMOS Helsinki design that Heiter Blick and Vossloh are believed to submit in their tender.Mirva Haltia-Holmberg]

To ease the construction of new tram tracks into Jätkäsaari in 2009-2015 ("see below") the acquisition of double-ended trams is also under consideration. No new trams are available to be delivered by the time these are needed, therefore the only option is to acquire these trams second-hand.Antero Alku]

History

Today, Helsinki is the only city in Finland to still have tram traffic. Two other Finnish cities—Turku "(see Turku tram)" and Vyborg ( _fi. Viipuri, _sv. Viborg, _ru. Вы́борг; now part of Russia)—have had tram systems. Vyborg abandoned its trams in 1957, after the city had been ceded to the Soviet Union following the result of WWII. Turku stopped its trams in 1972.

1890–1900: Horse-drawn single-track lines

The first proposals for the construction of a tram system into Helsinki were made in 1870s, but they were at the time unsuccessful.Hanna Sirkiä] Public transport in Helsinki was initiated in 1988 by Helsingin omnibussiosakeyhtiö, using horse-drawn omnibuses.Antero Alku, pp. 20-21] Timo Herranen, pp. 29-31] In 1889 Helsingin Omnibussiosakeyhtiö acquired the right to construct tram lines in Helsinki. The following year the company changed it's name in Helsingin raitiotie- ja omnibussiosakeyhtiö (abbreviated HRO). Electric traction was considered as a power source for the new system, but due to lack of funds and the city council's negative attitude towards electric trams, the decision was made to use horse-drawn trams instead.Timo Herranen, pp. 37-45] The new system was built to a rail gauge of one metre. Test traffic started in December 1890, but the network wasn't officially opened for traffic until June 1891. The capacity of the horse tram system soon proved insufficient, but the changeover into electrified trams was postproned while waiting for the price of electrification of the network to drop.

The slowness of the electrification process was the source of conflict withing the HRO, and during the latter half of the 1890s Julius Tallberg acquired the right to construct an orbital tram system around the city, that would have linked together the existing HRO lines and parts of the city not covered by the HRO lines. Following negotiations Tallberg and his associates transferred the construction permit of the orbital line to the HRO in return for a large number of HRO stocks.

1900–1908: Electric single-track lines

In 1897 HRO received the right to construct an electrified tramway into Helsinki. A call for bids was sent out the following year, and the contract was awarded to the Germany-based O.L. Kummer. By terms on the agreement Kummer had to construct and electrify the new tram system as well as construct the trams used on it, and the company would be responsible for trafficking the new system for up to three years in order to ensure good quality of construction. Electrification of the network was mostly completed in 1900,Timo Herranen, pp. 46-49] with one short horse-drawn line lingering until 1901.Finnish Tramway Society] Kummer had made notable profits from operating the new electrified system, and already in 1901 HRO assumed responsibility for operating the tram network. Following the electrification the number of lines grew into four, but all lines remained single-track. At the same time colours were taken into use as line identifiers.Finnish Tramway Society]

Within a few years the single-track lines proved insufficient to meet the passenger demand, but the majority of stock owners were unwilling to fund the conversion into double track, while Julius Tallberg and his associates were strongly for the conversion. In 1906 Tallberg and his supporters acquired a stock majority in the HRO, and during the same year the company applied for and received a permission to convert their track network into double track. The contract also specified certain lines that HRO had to operate, as well as certain extensions that had to be built.Timo Herranen, pp. 50-54]

1908–1945

The constract for converting the tram network into double track was awarded to the Swedish ASEA. Conversion work begun in 1908 and was completed in 1910. From 1908 until 1919 ASEA also supplied the HRO with a total of 78 trams and 70 trailers. In 1909 Brändö Villastad Ab, a company constructing a garden city in the island of Kulosaari (then a part of Helsingin maalaiskunta), and HRO reached an agreement for linking Kulosaari into the Helsinki tram network. The track onwards from the existing HRO line in Sörnäinen was built by Brändö Villastad Ab, who was also responsible for the upkeep of the track, as well as the tram ferry required to cross the Kuorekarinsalmi sea area between Sörnäinen and Kulosaari. Traffic on the new connection was operated by HRO, and service begun in 1910 using existing HRO trams.Finnish Tramway Society, p. 1] In 1916 Brändö Spårvägsaktiebolag, which had been created as a separate company to take care of the Kulosaari tram tracks, ordered two new trams of it's own. Due to World War I these were not delivered until 1919, and even after they had been delivered HRO remained in charge of trafficking the line. In 1919 a bridge between Kulosaari and the mainland was also completed.Finnish Tramway Society, p. 3]

In 1913 the HRO begun expanding it's tram network for the first time since 1901, when the tracks were expanded from Hakaniemi in Alppila. During the same year the City of Helsinki acquired the stock majority of HRO, but HRO remained an independent company.Finnish Tramway Society] The following year the network was also expanded into Taka-Töölö and Hermanni. After this the World War I made it impossible to acquire electric wires and points required for construction.

The construction of non-HRO owned tram lines continued when in 1914 new tram tracks owned by Aktiebolaget M.G. Stenius were opened to traffic, linking the existing HRO tracks in Töölö to Munkkiniemi and Haaga. As with the Kulosaari tramline, HRO was responsible for trafficking on these lines.www.kaupunkiliikenne.net] Finnish Tramway Society] In 1926 HRO acquired Aktiebolaget M.G. Stenius and two years later Brändö Spårvägsaktiebolag also passed under HRO ownership. As a result HRO again became the sole owner and operator of trams in Helsinki. During the same year line numbers and letters were taken into use as line identifiers alongside colours.Finnish Tramway Society]

The tram network reached it's apex in 1930, when the network covered a larger area than ever before of after (as of 2008), and there were 14 lines in operation.

1945–1975

In the end of 1944 the City of Helsinki had acquired the entirety of HRO, which now became a municipal transport authority under the name Helsingin Kaupungin Liikennelaitos (HKL).Finnish Tramway Society] This had little to no effect in tram operations. In 1950 secondary line identifier letters were taken into use to distinguish rush hour services from the standard routes (for example 1A, KA. The second letter was a capital letter but in a smaller size from the first). In 1953 the usage of letters as the primary line identifier ended, and the following year line colours were also abandoned.Trams remained the main public transport system until the 1950s and 1960s, when the city rapidly sprawled and private cars became increasingly common; the new suburbs came to be served mainly by buses and commuter trains. During the 1940s and 1950s plans were drawn for a large light rail network incorporating into the tram system, which would have served major suburban centers; in preparation for this the new Kulosaari bridge (built 1956) featured a reserved space for tram tracks, while the new tram depot was built in Koskela next to a planned northeast light rail line -new tracks had to be built linking the depot to the existing network. As of August 2008, this track has never been used in passenger traffic. During the 1950s a total of 105 Finnish-built double-bogie trams (Karia types HM IV and HM V, Valmet types RM 1 and RM 3) were delivered to the HKL.

During the 1960s all plans for expanding the tram network were put on hold while resources were concentrated on the planning of the metro and additional bus connections. At the same time plans were drawn for the termination of the tram network by the year 2000. In 1969 Helsinki city council made the decision that in the future tramlines would be confined to the inner city, while the metro would serve the suburban areas; the tram system would be terminated, at earliest in the year 2000. This decision required the acquisition of new trams to replace the last two-axle trams, the oldest of which dated from the 1920s. Originally the plan was to acquire fairly new second-hand articulated Düwag GT6 trams from Copenhagen, but the deal fell through and in the end new articulated trams were acquired from Valmet (type Nr I) in 1973-1975. These trams were planned to be the last trams to be acquired for traffic in Helsinki. In a break from tradition the Nr I trams were originally painted in an orange/grey colours scheme instead of the traditional green/yellow, integrating their visual appearance with the Dm 8 and Dm 9 express DMUs of the Finnish State RailwaysMarkku Nummelin, pp. 64-74] , as well as the Helsinki metro, which was in testing phase at the time.Finnish Tramway Society] Finnish Tramway Society]

1976 onwards

During the early 70s the decision to terminate the tram system was reconsidered and eventually reversed. In 1976 the tram network was expanded for the first time since 1955, when the new connection into Itä-Pasila was opened. Another expansion was opened in 1980, when tracks in Katajanokka were expanded eastward to a new residential area. In 1981 another group of articulated trams, based on the Nr I type, were ordered from Valmet. Classified as Nr II, these trams were delivered between 1983 and 1987, allowing the withdrawal of the majority of the 1950s-built trams (types HM IV and RM 1 in their entirety), as well as withdrawal of all trailers. In 1985 the tram network was extended to Länsi-Pasila. Around the same time the tram lines were radically reorganised.

The next expansion of the track lineage occurred in 1991, when the connection from Ruskeasuo to Pikku-Huopalahti was opened. From 1999 onwards HKL purchased a new fleet of low-floor "Variotram" trams from ADtranz (since 2001 Bombardier Transportation). The new generation trams have suffered from persistent technical difficulties and frequent break-downs; the entire batch have been refitted by the manufacturer in Germany. To cover for the missing trams, the city had to buy ten second-hand trams from Mannheim, Germany. To help pay for the second-hand trams, HKL was allowed to cover most of the extra trams completely in advertising, a sight rarely seen before on the streets of Helsinki.Helsingin Sanomat] In 2004 the network was expanded again, this time by lenghtening the tracks from Arabia into the new residential development area in Arabianranta.Finnish Tramway Society] On 2008-08-10 new line number 9 was opened, connecting Kolmikulma in central Helsinki to Itä-Pasila and replacing bus line number 17. This marked the opening of the first new tramline in Helsinki since the (re-)opening of line 2 in 1976, and the first time that a bus line has been repalced with a tram line.

Route history

During the history of tram traffic in Helsinki, the routes of various lines have been altered, sometimes radically, and line designations have been changed or swapped between different routes. For instance, the still-existing line 1 (also knows as the green line 1900–1926) has run on 22 different routes/route variants since the line was first opened in 1890.Finnish Tramway Society] The following is a simplified list designed to give a basic impression of what the tram network was like during different eras. Various short-lived route changes and rush hour services are ignored to ease reading.

1890–1901: horse-drawn trams

* Töölö—Kaivopuisto. Shortened, then closed down in 1900. Replaced by the Yellow Line in the new electrified tramway.
* Sörnäinen—Lapinlahdenkatu. Shortened in 1900, closed down in 1901. Replaced by the Green and Red Lines in the new electrified tramway.

1900–1909

* Green: Eira—Sörnäinen (1900–1901), Katajanokka—Eira—Sörnäinen (1901–1907, combination of green and blue lines), Kauppatori—Sörnäinen (1907–1910).
* Yellow: Töölö—Kaivopuisto (1900–1908).
* Blue: Töölö/Mariankatu (present-day Presidential Palace)—Hietalahti (1900–1901). Combined into the Green Line 1901–1907. Katajanokka—Hietalahti (1907–1909).
* Red: Ylioppilastalo/Lapinlahti—Kruunuhaka (1900–1907), Lapinlahti—Kallio (1907–1909).

1909–1926

In addition to the lines owned by Helsingin Raitiotie- ja Omnibussiosakeyhtiö, one line was owned by Brändö Spårvägsaktiebolag, two lines by Aktiebolaget M.G. Stenius as well as one line owned by Julius Tallberg in Lauttasaari.

* Green: Eira—Hermanni (1910–1931).
* Yellow: Töölö—Kaivopuisto—Rautatientori/Hakaniemi (1908–1922), Eira—Kallio—Töölö—Kauppatori—Eira (figure-of-eight circular, 1922–2008)Finnish Tramway Society]
* Yellow-White: Katajanokka—Hietalahti (1909–1926), Etu-Töölö—Kirurgi (1924–1926). Two lines operated under the same colours 1924–1926.Finnish Tramway Society]
* Red: Lapinlahti—Hakaniemi/Alppila (1909–1925).
* White: Sörnäinen/Kauppatori—Kulosaari (1910–1951). Brändö Spårvägsaktiebolag owned the line from Sörnäinen onwards as well as the rolling stock. HRO operated the service. Between 1910 and 1919 the trams were carried across Kuorekarinsalmi sea area by a ferry.Finnish Tramway Society]
* Blue-Yellow: Ylioppilastalo/Kauppatori—Haaga (1914–1926). Aktiebolaget M.G. Stenius owned the line from Laakso onwards. HRO operated the service using their own trams.Finnish Tramway Society]
* Red-Yellow: Ylioppilastalo/Kauppatori—Munkkiniemi (1914–1926). Aktiebolaget M.G. Stenius owned the line from Laakso onwards. HRO operated the service using their own trams.Finnish Tramway Society]
* Lauttalaituri—Katajaharjunniemi (1913–1917). A Julius Tallberg -owned horse tram line operated on the island of Lauttasaari, using former HRO trams.Finnish Tramway Society]

1926–1953

In 1926 HRO acquired both Aktiebolaget M.G. Stenius and two years later Brändö Spårvägsaktiebolag, becoming the sole tram operater in Helsinki. During 1926 year numbers and/or letters were taken into use as identifiers of different lines alongside colours.

* 1 (green): Eira—Hermanni/Arabia (1910–1949), Eira—Vallila—Salmisaari (1949–1953, combination of lines 1 and 8).
* 2 (green-white): Kauppatori—Hermanni (1926—1928). Not operated 1928–1939. Etu-Töölö—Hakaniemi/Harjutori (1939–1951). Not operated 1951–1976.Finnish Tramway Society]
* 3 (yellow): Eira—Kallio—Töölö—Kauppatori—Eira (1922–2008), figure-of-eight circular.
* 4 (blue): Hietalahti—Töölö/Meilahti (1926–1951).Finnish Tramway Society]
* 5 / 5A (yellow-white): Etu-Töölö—Katajanokka (1926–1955; 1929–1939 as 5A).
** 5B: Etu-Töölö—Kauppatori (1929–1939).
* 6 (red): Lapinlahti—Hakaniemi/Hermanni/Arabia (1926–1959).
* 7 (red-white): Kirurgi—Linjat (1926—1949). Not operated 1949–1951. Töölö—Sörnäinen—Rautatientori (circular, 1951–1980).Finnish Tramway Society]
* 8 (blue-white): Ruoholahti/Salmisaari—Töölö/Vallila (1929–1949). Not operated 1949–1953 (combined into line 1).Finnish Tramway Society]
* 9 (blue-yellow): Erottaja—Ruskeasuo (1939–1946).Finnish Tramway Society]
* 10 (white): Eläintarha—Länsi-Pasila (1928–1952).Finnish Tramway Society]
* 11 (white): Kauppatori—Hermanni (1944).Finnish Tramway Society]
* 12 (white, later red-yellow): Erottaja/Kirurgi—Taka-Töölö/Ruskeasuo (1944–1957).Finnish Tramway Society]
** 12S: Arabia—Ruskeasuo (1950–1955), rush hour and night-time service.
* B/KB (white, later green-yellow): Kauppatori—Kulosaari (1913–1951). Tram traffic to Kulosaari terminated in 1951, in part due to the poor condition of the wooden bridge connecting the island to the mainland.
* H (blue-yellow): Erottaja/Ruskeasuo/Diakonissalaitos—Haaga (1926–1953).
* K (green-red): Vallila/Kauppatori—Käpylä (1925–1953). Combined into line 1 1953Finnish Tramway Society]
* M (red-yellow): Erottaja—Munkkiniemi (1926–1951).
* W (green-white): Kauppatori—Arabia (1926–1931).Finnish Tramway Society]

1953–1985

The usage of letters as the main line identifier ended in 1953. Line colours were abandoned in 1954.

* 1: Eira/Kauppatori—Käpylä (1954 onwards).
** 1A: Eira—Käpylä (1954–1976), rush hour service.
* 2: Kauppatori—Itä-Pasila (1976–1985).
** 2A: Eira—Itä-Pasila (1976–1985), rush hour service.
* 3B, 3T: Eira—Kallio—Töölö—Kauppatori—Eira (1922–2008), figure-of-eight circular.
* 4: Hietalahti/Kirurgi—Munkkiniemi (1951–1985).
** 4S: Kauppatori—Munkkiniemi (1951–1981), rush-hour service.
** 4A: Erottaja—Munkkiniemi (1956–1966), rush-hour and night-time service.
** 4N: Katajanokka—Munkkiniemi (1973–1985), night-time service.
* 5: Katajanokka—Töölö (1955–1985).
* 6: Lapinlahti/Hietalahti—Arabia (1945 onwards).
* 7: Töölö—Sörnäinen—Rautatientori (circular, 1951–1980), Hakaniemi—Töölö—Harjutori (1980–1984).
* 8: Salmisaari—Vallila (1953–1984).
** 8K: Salmisaari—Käpylä (1953–1962), rush-hour service.
* 9: Kauppatori—Vallila (1953–1976).
* 10: Erottaja/Kirugi/Linjat—Ruskeasuo (1955–1985).
** 10A: Käpylä—Ruskeasuo (1955–1958), rush-hour service; Arabia—Ruskeasuo (1959–1964), night-time service.
** 10S: Kauppatori—Ruskeasuo (1955–1977), rush-hour service.
** 10N: Erottaja—Ruskeasuo (1957–1959), Arabia—Ruskeasuo (1965–1977), night-time services.
* 12: Kirurgi/Linjat—Ruskeasuo (1949–1959).
** 12S: Arabia—Ruskeasuo (1950–1955), rush hour and night-time service.
* 15: Linjat—Laakso (1954–1957).Finnish Tramway Society]

1985 onwards

* 1: Kauppatori—Käpylä (1954 onwards).
** 1A: Eira—Käpylä (1985 onwards), rush hour service.
* 2: Kauppatori—Linjat (1985–1992), Katajanokka ferry terminal—Linjat (1992–2005).
* 3B, 3T: Eira—Kallio—Töölö—Kauppatori—Eira (1922–2008), figure-of-eight circular.
* 4: Katajanokka—Munkkiniemi (1985 onwards).
** 4T: Katajanokka ferry terminal—Munkkiniemi (2004 onwards).
* 6: Hietalahti—Arabia (1959 onwards).
* 7A, 7B: Pasila—Töölö—Rautatientori/Senaatintori (1985 onwards).
* 8: Salmisaari—Sörnäinen—Vallila/Arabia (1984 onwards).
* 9: Kolmikulma—Kallio—Itä-Pasila (2008 onwards).
* 10: Kirurgi—Ruskeasuo/Pikku-Huopalahti (1985 onwards).

Planned extension of the network

Helsinki Transport Council have made plans for a radical expansion of the tram network within the next 20-30 years. In addition to the rerouting of lines 3B and 3T in early 2009, the following expansions of the tram network have been proposed:

Jätkäsaari

The freight harbour area in Jätkäsaari will be freed for residential construction in late 2008 when the new freight harbour in Vuosaari is opened. A tram connection tieing the new are into the city center is in advanced planning stages, with tram lines 6 and/or 8 and/or 9 to be extended into the new area.Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos] Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos] Tracks are planned to be built as housing construction of the area advances, with the first sections to be laid in 2009.Kaupunkisuunnittelulautakunta] Phase 1 of the extension is to be completed in 2010, phase 2 in 2011 and the final third phase in 2015.Mirva Haltia-Holmberg] To eliminate the need of building temporary return loops as the construction progresses, the acquisition of second-hand double-ended trams to be used on lines extending into Jätkäsaari is under consideration.Antero Alku]

Extensions to line 9

Line number 9, opened in August 2008, was originally planned as early as 1990 to link Ilmala with Merikatu in southern Ullanlinna. However, in the first phase of construction the northern part of the route was truncated into Itä-Pasila in order to cut costs, while the southern terminus was placed in Kolmikulma due to opposition to tram tracks by people living along the planned new line, particularly due to the fact that the amount of parking space would have decreased along the streets where new tracks would have been laid.Antero Alku] The connection to Ilmala is to be completed constructed 2010-2012, and to be opened for traffic in in 2013.Mirva Haltia-Holmberg]

Although shortly before the opening of line 9 HKL stated the continuation to Merikatu had been abandoned permanently,Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos] within weeks of the opening of the line extending the route to Merikatu was again proposed, due to complaints from inhabitants of Ullanlinna following the termination of bus line 17. Subsequently the HKL stated they would be "actively acting to expand the tramline to Merikatu".Joukkoliikennelautakunta] Interlacing the tracks on some sections on Korkeavuorenkatu is under consideration as a space-saving measure, allowing a larger amount of parking space to be maintained along the street.Helsingin Sanomat] In addition to extending line 9 to Merikatu, plans have been made for extending line 9 into Jätkäsaari instead. Should Jätkäsaari be chosen as the southern terminus for line 9, a different line would be routed to Merikatu in it's place.Ylen aikainen]

In addition to lenghtening the line, moving the line from Kaarlenkatu and Helsinginkatu to Fleminginkatu in Kallio was proposed on date|2008-10-10.Mirva Haltia-Holmberg]

Laajasalo

New residential areas are to be constructed to the island of Laajasalo, to the east of Helsinki city center, between 2010 and 2025. As of October 2008, no decision has been made by the Helsinki city council on how these areas will be linked to the city center. The Public Transport Council decided on 2008-06-17 to recommend a tram connection built on bridges Kruununhaka via Tervasaari, Sompasaari and Korkeasaari across the Kruunuvuorenselkä sea area and into Kruunuvuorenranta. The main competing alternative, an extension of Helsinki Metro, would be notably more expensive to construct and is projected to attract smaller passenger numbers than a tram system. In addition to tram and metro, bus and ferry connections were also considered, but found unfeasible.] Finnish Tramway Society] Antero Alku] Joukkoliikennelautakunta]

If tram is chosen as the method of connection, three tram lines are projected to be constructed; one will terminate in the residential development area of Kruunuvuorenranta, a second will extend into Yliskylä and a third line run into the southern central part of Laajasalo. In case that the military base in Santahamina will be freed for residential construction in the future, provisions will be made for converting the tram lines into a light rail system that would extend into Santahamina in the south and travel in a tunnel from Korkeasaari to Katajanokka, linking with the planned North-South line of the Helsinki Metro.

Kalasatama

Like the harbour area in Jätkäsaari, the freight harbour in Kalasatama will be freed for residential construction in late 2008 when the new freight harbour in Vuosaari is opened. Tram connection is considered as the means of connecting the new residential area with the city center (although there is also an existing metro station in the northern part of the area). Two tram lines are planned to be extended into the Kalasatama area, one from the west via Merihaka and another from the south, utilizing the Tervasaari-Sompasaari bridge that is planned for the Laajasalo tram connection.

Tram 2015 study

In 2006 a study named "Ratikka 2015" ("Tram 2015"), a proposal was made for a tram connection to Jätkäsaari and Kalasatama as weöö as expanding of the network to other areas. The other areas proposed include Munkkisaari, Ilmala and Munkkivuori. Variants proposed in the study also included several possibilities for additional track lineage within the main parts of the city already served by trams, as well as the creation of new lines, or even closing down existing lines.Kaupunkisuunnittelulautakunta] Although the HKL are planning on building a tram connection to Jätkäsaari, the route alternatives under consideration are not the same as proposed in the "Ratikka 2015" study.

Rail-joker

In 1990 a plan was made for a circular light rail route connecting Itäkeskus in eastern Helsinki to Leppävaara in western Espoo via various suburbs in eastern and northern Helsinki. The planned line was named "Jokeri" ("The Joker", after the playing card). Due to small projected passenger numbers the line was eventually realised in 2003 as a bus connection, with an upgrade into a rail service planned to be constructed after 2030. After the line was opened passenger numbers exceeded expectations and available capacity, and the planning process for converting the route to a light rail service was started in 2008.www.kaupunkiliikenne.net] The rail-joker connection is planned to be realised either with a rail gauge of RailGauge|1, making it compatible with the existing Helsinki tram network, or a gauge of RailGauge|1524, making it compatible with the Helsinki Metro and the Finnish railway network.Kaupunkisuunnittelulautakunta] A previous study made in 2003 about the integration of a possible light rail system into the existing heavy rail -type Helsinki Metro had come to the conclusion that such an intergration would be difficult without implementing large-scale changes to the Metro network, or alternatively would require the utilization of unpractical and expensive solutions for the light rail system.Antero Alku]

According to a decision made in 2007, the construction of the rail-joker is to begin in 2016 at earliest.Mirva Haltia-Holmberg]

Other possibilities

The possibility of extending line 1 (and 1A) to Käpylä railway station (or further to Oulunkylä) in the north and rerouting the same line through the disused tracks on Linjat in Kallio have been brought up as possible future projects to improve passenger numbers on the unpopular line.Mirva Haltia-Holmberg]

In addition to the above, expansion of the tram network from Arabia to Viikki, Käpylä to Koskela and Pikku-Huopalahti to Haaga have been mentioned as potential long-term projects.

References

Bibliography

Finnish Tramway Society

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url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/hkl/hklmanne/hklmanne.htm
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url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/hkl/hklmann2/hklmann2.htm
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url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/hkl/hkl121/hkl121.htm
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url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/hkl/hkl151/hkl151.htm
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url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/hkl/hkl331-/hkl331-.htm
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language= Finnish & English
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url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/hkimuseo/museo.htm#tilaus
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url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/hkl/hkl1-_4/hkl1-_4.htm
title= HKL Motor Trams 1 - 15 (1959)
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language= Finnish & English
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last= Heino
first= Tom
year= 1995
title= Ravintolaraitiovaunu Spårakoff - HKL 175
journal= Raitio
issue= 3/1995
url= http://www.raitio.org/historia/koff/koff.htm
language= Finnish
accessdate= 2008-06-16
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url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/hkl/hkl150/hkl150.htm
title= 8-axle articulated tram HKL 150
accessdate= 2008-06-16
language= Finnish & English
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/hkimuseo/bs1_2007/bs1_2007.htm
title= HKL: Brändö Spårvägs Ab 1 (replica)
accessdate= 2008-06-16
language= Finnish & English
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url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/hkl/hklkoe/crotram/zet2263.htm
title= 6-axle three-truck five-sectioned low-floor articulated tram HKL (ZET) 2263
accessdate= 2008-06-16
language= Finnish & English
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat1.htm
title= Helsingin raitiotielinjat 1: Hevosraitiotielinjat 1890 - 1901
accessdate= 2008-08-07
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat2.htm
title= Helsingin raitiotielinjat 2: Yksiraiteiset sähköraitiotielinjat 1900 - 1909
accessdate= 2008-08-07
language= Finnish
* cite journal
last= Niskanen
first= Toivo
year= 1995
title= Kulosaaren Raitiotie
journal= Raitio
issue= 1/1995
url= http://www.raitio.org/historia/kulosaar/sivu1.htm
language= Finnish
accessdate= 2008-08-07
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/hki1.htm
title= Helsingin raitiotiet / Tramways of Helsinki
accessdate= 2008-08-07
language= Finnish & English
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/muut/muut1.htm
title= Tramways of Helsinki: Other Companies
accessdate= 2008-08-07
language= Finnish & English
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/historia/linjavar/varit.htm
title= Helsingin raitioteiden linjavärit
accessdate= 2008-08-07
author= Virta, E.
coauthors= Rauhala, J.
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/english/tramways.htm
title= Tramways of Helsinki
accessdate= 2008-08-07
last= Price
first= Walter
authorlink=
date= 2002-10-14
language= English
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/metro/mhistory.htm
title= Metro Helsinki, historiikkia / Metro Helsinki, historical survey
accessdate= 2008-08-07
authorlink=
date= 2008-07-19
language= Finnish & English
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/metro/kalusto/kalusto.htm
title= Metrovaunut / Metro EMUs
accessdate= 2008-08-07
date= 2008-07-19
language= Finnish & English
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/historia/lauttis/lauttis.htm
title= Lauttasaaren hevosraitiotie
accessdate= 2008-06-22
last= Rauhala
first= Jorma
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjat/map/suunn.htm
title= Helsinki: Current plans on developing the tram network
accessdate= 2008-06-24
language= Finnish & English
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat3.htm
title= Helsingin raitiotielinjat 3
accessdate= 2008-06-22
pages= [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linja1.htm Linja 1] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linja2.htm Linja 2] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linja3.htm Linja 3] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linja4.htm Linja 4] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linja5.htm Linja 5] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linja6.htm Linja 6] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linja7.htm Linja 7] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linja8.htm Linja 8] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linja9.htm Linja 9] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linja10.htm Linja 10] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linja11.htm Linja 11] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linja12.htm Linja 12] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linja15.htm Linja 15] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linjab.htm Linja B / KB] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linjah.htm Linja H] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linjak.htm Linja K] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linjam.htm Linja M] [http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/linjasto/linjat/linjaw.htm Linja W]
language= Finnish
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url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/varikot/toolo.htm
title= Tram depots: Töölö
accessdate= 2008-08-29
language= Finnish & English
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url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/varikot/vallila.htm
title= Tram depots: Vallila
accessdate= 2008-08-29
language= Finnish & English
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/varikot/koskela.htm
title= Tram depots: Koskela
accessdate= 2008-08-29
language= Finnish & English
* cite web
url= http://www.raitio.org/ratikat/helsinki/varikot/bomba.htm
title= Tram repair shop: Bombardier Transportation
accessdate= 2008-08-29
language= Finnish

Helsingin Sanomat

* cite web
url= http://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/artikkeli/Kolmosen+raitiolinja+j%C3%A4%C3%A4m%C3%A4ss%C3%A4+T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6%C3%B6n/1135235683565
title= Kolmosen raitiolinja jäämässä Töölöön
accessdate= 2008-06-12
last= Moilanen
first= Kaisu
date= 2008-04-18
language= Finnish
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url= http://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/artikkeli/Kolmosen+raitiolinja+kiert%C3%A4%C3%A4+Kampin+kautta+ensi+vuoden+alusta/1135235996183
title= Kolmosen raitiolinja kiertää Kampin kautta ensi vuoden alusta
accessdate= 2008-06-12
last= Manninen
first= Antti
date= 2008-04-30
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/artikkeli/Vikojen+vaivaamat++raitiovaunut+pysyv%C3%A4t++Helsingin+liikenteess%C3%A4/HS20070517SI2KA01j3g
title= Vikojen vaivaamat raitiovaunut pysyvät Helsingin liikenteessä
accessdate= 2008-08-29
last= Salonen
first= Juha
date= 2007-05-17
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/artikkeli/Ongelmalliset+matalalattiavaunut/1135232690031
title= Ongelmalliset matalalattiavaunut
accessdate= 2008-06-11
last= Seuri
first= Ville
date= 2007-12-18
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/artikkeli/Kroaattivaunun+ensikyyti+Helsingin+raiteilla++sujui+tiukasti+katua+hipoen/HS20071219SI1KA018bx
title= Kroaattivaunun ensikyyti Helsingin raiteilla sujui tiukasti katua hipoen
accessdate= 2008-06-11
last= Seuri
first= Ville
date= 2007-12-19
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Croatian-made%20tram%20criticised%20as%20cramped%20and%20noisy/1135235125931
title= Croatian-made tram criticised as "cramped and noisy"
accessdate= 2008-06-11
date= 2008-03-28
* cite web
url= http://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/artikkeli/HKL+hahmottelee+Helsinkiin+sopivaa+raitiovaunumallia/1135228593017
title= HKL hahmottelee Helsinkiin sopivaa raitiovaunumallia
accessdate= 2008-06-27
last= Hannula
first= Tommi
date= 2007-07-19
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/artikkeli/1960-luvun+mannheimilaiset+paikkaavat+raitiovaunutarvetta/1135236187727
title= 1960-luvun mannheimilaiset paikkaavat raitiovaunutarvetta
accessdate= 2008-06-11
last= Westerback
first= Christian
date= 2008-05-08
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/artikkeli/Raitiolinja+9%C3%A4%C3%A4+aiotaan+yh%C3%A4+jatkaa+Etel%C3%A4-Helsinkiin/1135238746607
title= Raitiolinja 9:ää aiotaan yhä jatkaa Etelä-Helsinkiin
accessdate= 2008-08-19
last= Oksanen
first= Kimmo
date= 2008-08-19
language= Finnish

Miscellaneous

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url= http://www.kaupunkiliikenne.net/Helsinki/kanlaaj.html
title= Helsingin kantakaupungin raitioteiden laajennukset
accessdate= 2008-09-25
last= Alku
first= Antero
date= 2008-08-13
work= www.kaupunkiliikenne.net
language= Finnish
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url= http://www.kaupunkiliikenne.net/Helsinki/hehistoria.html
title= Helsingin raideliikenteen historiaa
accessdate= 2008-08-07
last= Alku
first= Antero
date= 2008-07-31
work= www.kaupunkiliikenne.net
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.kaupunkiliikenne.net/Helsinki/helrv.html
title= Helsingin raitiovaunukalusto
accessdate= 2008-07-16
last= Alku
first= Antero
date= 2008-06-21
work= www.kaupunkiliikenne.net
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.kaupunkiliikenne.net/Helsinki/laajasalo.html
title= Helsinki: Laajasalon raitiotie
accessdate= 2008-06-30
last= Alku
first= Antero
date= 2008-06-27
work= www.kaupunkiliikenne.net
language= Finnish
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url= http://www.kaupunkiliikenne.net/Helsinki/jokeri.html
title= Jokerilinja
accessdate= 2008-07-16
last= Alku
first= Antero
date= 2008-06-21
work= www.kaupunkiliikenne.net
language= Finnish
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url= http://www.kaupunkiliikenne.net/Integra.htm
title= Metron ja pikaraitiotien yhteensovittaminen
accessdate= 2008-07-16
last= Alku
first= Antero
date= 2004-04-12
work= www.kaupunkiliikenne.net
language= Finnish
* cite book
last= Alku
first= Antero
title= Raitiovaunu tulee taas
year= 2002
publisher= Kustantaja Laaksonen
location= Jyväskylä
language= Finnish
isbn= 951-98475-3-7
pages= pp. 20-21

* cite web
url= http://haltia.blogspot.com/2007/11/kokouskuulumiset-15112007.html
title= Kokouskuulumiset 15.11.2007
accessdate= 2008-07-16
last= Haltia-Holmberg
first= Mirva
date= 2007-11-15
work= Haltian vaaliyö
language= Finnish
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url= http://haltia.blogspot.com/2008/08/enimmkseen-upeita-lautakunnan.html
title= Enimmäkseen upeita lautakunnan kokouskuulumisia 21.8.2008
accessdate= 2008-08-21
last= Haltia-Holmberg
first= Mirva
date= 2008-08-21
work= Haltian vaaliyö
language= Finnish
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url=http://haltia.blogspot.com/2008/09/ykknen-riesasta-ongelmanratkaisijaksi.html
title=Ykkönen, riesasta ongelmanratkaisijaksi8
accessdate= 2008-09-25
last= Haltia-Holmberg
first= Mirva
date= 2008-09-15
work= Haltian vaaliyö
language= Finnish
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url=http://haltia.blogspot.com/2008/09/messuraportti-innotrans-2008.html
title=Messuraportti: Innotrans 2008
accessdate= 2008-09-29
last= Haltia-Holmberg
first= Mirva
date= 2008-09-28
work= Haltian vaaliyö
language= Finnish

* cite web
url= http://www.hel2.fi/liikenteenohjaus/eng/pt_telematics.asp
title= Helsinki Public Transport Signal Priority and Passenger Information (HeLMi)
accessdate= 2008-08-15
publisher= Helsinki Urban Traffic Control Centre
work= Public Transport Telematics
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last= Herranen
first= Timo
title= Hevosomnibusseista metroon - Sata vuotta Helsingin joukkoliikennettä
year= 1988
publisher= Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos
language= Finnish
isbn= 951-771-733-4
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url= http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/HKL/Artikkeli?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/hkl/fi/P__t_ksenteko/Liikennehankkeita/Raitiolinja+9/9_taustaa
title= Historiallinen lisäys Helsingin rataverkkoon
accessdate= 2008-08-18
publisher= Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos
date= 2008-08-08
language= Finnish
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url= http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/HKL/HKL-Raitioliikenne?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/HKL/fi/HKL-tietoa/HKL_n+organisaatio/HKL-Raitioliikenne
title= HKL-Raitioliikenne
accessdate= 2008-08-20
publisher= Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos
language= Finnish
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url=http://www.vartti.fi/artikkeli/abbd62a2-c76b-492b-9f94-58f63c2aaa5d
title=Maanalaista varikkoa suunnitellaan Vallilaan
accessdate= 2008-10-09
last= Jompero
first= Sanna
date= 2008-10-09
publisher= Vartti.fi
language= Finnish
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url= http://www.hel.fi/static/public/hela/Kaupunkisuunnittelulautakunta/Suomi/Esitys/2007/Ksv_2007-06-07_Kslk_20_El/071550252/Jatkasaaren_joukkoliikenteen_jarjestaminen.html
title= Jätkäsaaren joukkoliikenteen järjestäminen
accessdate= 2008-08-20
publisher= Kaupunkisuunnittelulautakunta
date= 2007-06-08
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/HKL/Artikkeli?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/hkl/fi/P__t_ksenteko/Liikennehankkeita/J_tk_saaren+joukkoliikennevaihtoehdot
title= Jätkäsaaren joukkoliikennevaihtoehdot
accessdate= 2008-06-24
publisher= Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos
date= 2008-06-23
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/HKL/Artikkeli?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/HKL/fi/uutiset/kroatialainen+raitiovaunu+matkustajaliikenteeseen
title= Kroatialainen raitiovaunu matkustajaliikenteeseen
accessdate= 2008-06-11
publisher= Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos
date= 2008-01-18
language= Finnish
* cite web
url=http://www.hel2.fi/ksv/julkaisut/julk_2008-10.pdf
title=Laajasalon raidevaihtoehtojen järjestelmätarkastelu 2008
accessdate=2008-10-04
publisher=Helsingin kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto
date= 2008-10-02
language= Finnish

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url= http://www.hel.fi/static/public/hela/Joukkoliikennelautakunta/Suomi/Esitys/2008/HKL_2008-08-21_Jlk_19_El/AF950094-7BCF-43AC-8E43-835E7497204F/LAUSUNTO_VALTUUSTOALOITTEESTA_(WALLDEN-PAULIG)_KOS.html
title= Lausunto valtuustoaloitteesta (Wallden-Paulig) koskien eteläisen Helsingin joukkoliikenneyhteyden palauttamista
accessdate= 2008-08-18
publisher= Joukkoliikennelautakunta
date= 2008-08-08
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.hel.fi/wps/wcm/connect/b5d262004a17360fb7acff3d8d1d4668/jatkasaaren_vaihtoehdot_0_3.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
title= Linjastovaihtoehdot 0, 1, 2 ja 3
accessdate= 2008-06-24
format= PDF
publisher= Helsingin kaupungin liikennelaitos
language= Finnish
* cite book
last= Nummelin
first= Markku
coauthors= Laaksonen, Eero
title= Raitiotiet / Tramways
year= 2001
publisher= Kustantaja Laaksonen
location=Jyväskylä
language= Finnish & English
isbn= 951-98475-2-9
* cite web
url= http://www.hel.fi/wps/wcm/connect/63d70f804a173602b61afe3d8d1d4668/JOUKKOLIIKENNELAUTAKUNTA+17.6.2008.doc?MOD=AJPERES
title= Päätöstiedote
accessdate= 2008-06-30
date= 2008-06-17
format= DOC
publisher= Joukkoliikennelautakunta
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.hel2.fi/ksv/hela/Kaupunkisuunnittelulautakunta/Esityslistat/053460225.htm#P4168_260134
title= Raide-Jokerin alustava yleissuunnitelma, suunnittelun ja mitoituksen lähtökohdat
accessdate= 2008-07-16
publisher= Kaupunkisuunnittelulautakunta
date= 2005-12-15
language= Finnish
* cite web
url= http://www.hel2.fi/ksv/hela/Kaupunkisuunnittelulautakunta/Esityslistat/liitteet/061310695.pdf
title= RATIKKA 2015 – vaihtoehdot
accessdate= 2008-06-24
format= PDF
publisher= Kaupunkisuunnittelulautakunta
language= Finnish
* cite book
last= Sirkiä
first= Hanna
title= Hyvästi ny sitt – Raitsikat: Turun raitiovaunuliikenteen lakkautus 1961-1972
origyear= 2003
origmonth= October
url= http://www.kaupunkiliikenne.net/HannaSirkiaProgradu.pdf
format= PDF
accessdate= 2008-08-07
publisher= University of Turku
location= Turku
language= Finnish
pages= pp. 10-12
* cite web
url=http://www.hel2.fi/ksv/liitteet/oas/838.pdf
title=Vallilan maanalaisen raitiovaunuvarikon asemakaavan muutos: osallistumis- ja arviointisuunnitelma
accessdate= 2008-10-02
date=2008-09-26
format= PDF
publisher= Kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto
language= Finnish
* cite web
url=http://lotta.yle.fi/rsweb2.nsf/sivut/uutisaihe?opendocument&pageid=Content075003A6872
title=Valtuutetut penäävät ysilinjalle muutoksia
accessdate= 2008-10-10
date=2008-10-10
format=
work=Ylen aikaisen uutiset
publisher=YLE
language= Finnish
* cite web
url=http://www.hel2.fi/ksv/liitteet/2008_kaavakuvat/vallila_maanal_raitiovaunuvarikko_rajaus.pdf
title=Sijaintikartta: Vallilan maanalainen raitiovaunuvarikko
accessdate= 2008-10-02
date=2008-09-29
format= PDF
publisher= Kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto
language= Finnish

See also

* Sporalogy - a humorous alternative to astrology that is based on Helsinki trams.

External links

* [http://www.hkl.fi Helsinki City Transport official website]
* [http://www.hel.fi/wps/wcm/connect/248dbd804a173533a664ee3d8d1d4668/ratikkakartta.pdf?MOD=AJPERES Map of the Helsinki tram network] (Official map as of 15 June 2008)
* [http://public-transport.net/bim/Helsinki.htm pics of Helsinki tram]