- Mass of the Lord's Supper
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The Mass of the Lord's Supper is the Catholic Mass celebrated on the evening of Holy Thursday. It inaugurates the Easter Triduum,[1] and commemorates the Last Supper of Jesus with his disciples, more explicitly than other celebrations of the Mass.
Many Anglican churches celebrate the Mass of the Lord's Supper (or the Proper Liturgy of Maundy Thursday). Depending on the jurisdiction, these rites are found in the Book of Common Prayer[2], the Anglican Missal[3] or an alternative service book.
The Mass stresses three aspects of that event: "the institution of the Eucharist, the institution of the priesthood, and the commandment of brotherly love that Jesus gave after washing the feet of his disciples."[4]
Contents
Structure
The Mass begins as usual, with the exception that the tabernacle, wherever placed, should be empty.[5]
In the 1962 Missal (Roman rite), although white vestments and the Gloria in Excelsis are used, this is still Passiontide, so the "Judica me" is omitted at the foot of the altar, the "Gloria Patri" in the Introit and at the end of the Lavabo is omitted, and the Preface of the Cross is used. (The crucifixes, which have been covered during Passiontide, can today be covered with white instead of with violet.)
At the singing of the Gloria in Excelsis Deo, all the church bells may be rung; afterwards, they (along with the organ) are silenced until the Gloria of the Easter Vigil.[6]
The Liturgy of the Word consists of the following readings:
- Exodus 12:1-8, 11-14, a description of the original Passover celebration.[7]
- Psalm 115 (116), thanksgiving for being saved[8]
- 1 Corinthians 11:23-26, Paul the Apostle's account of what Jesus did at his Last Supper
- John 13:1-15, John the Evangelist's account of how Jesus washed his disciples' feet before that meal as an example of how they should treat each other.
Christ Washing the Feet of the Apostles by Meister des Hausbuches, 1475 (Gemäldegalerie, Berlin).
After the homily, which should explain the three aspects of the celebration mentioned above,[9] the priest who is celebrating the Mass removes his chasuble, puts on a linen gremiale (an amice is often used for this purpose), and proceeds to wash the feet of a number of people (usually twelve, corresponding to the number of the Apostles)[10]
There are special formulas in the Eucharistic Prayer to recall that the Mass of the Lord's Supper is in commemoration of Jesus' Last Supper.
Sufficient hosts are consecrated for the faithful to receive Communion both at that Mass and on the next day. The hosts intended for the Good Friday service are not placed in the tabernacle, as is usual, but are left on the altar, while the priests says the postcommunion prayer.[11] Then the priest incenses the Blessed Sacrament three times and, taking a humeral veil with which to hold it, carries it in solemn procession to a place of reservation somewhere in the church or in an appropriately adorned chapel.[12] The procession is led by a cross-bearer accompanied by two servers with lighted candles; other servers with lighted candles follow and a thurifer immediately precedes the priest.[13]
On arrival at the place of reposition, the priest places the vessel with the Blessed Sacrament in the tabernacle there, leaving the door open. He then incenses it and closes the tabernacle door. After a period of adoration, he and the servers depart in silence.[14]
The continuation of Eucharistic adoration is encouraged, but if continued after midnight should be done without outward solemnity.[15][16]The Blessed Sacrament remains in the temporary place until the Holy Communion part of the Good Friday liturgical service.
Stripping of the Altar
At a suitable time after the Mass of the Lord's Supper the altar is stripped without ceremony, and crosses in the church are removed or covered.[17] All altars are stripped except the Altar of Repose. (In the 1962 missal, such stripping is the last ceremony in the Holy Thursday service. If white crucifix covers were used, they are then replaced with the usual violet ones for crucifixes remaining in the church on Good Friday.)
History
The celebration of a Mass in the evening of Holy Thursday began in late fourth-century Jerusalem, where it became customary to celebrate the events of the Passion of Jesus in the places where they took place. In Rome at that time a Mass was celebrated at which penitents were reconciled with a view to participation in the Easter celebrations. The Jerusalem custom spread and in seventh-century Rome the Pope celebrated a Mass of the Lord's Supper on this day as well as the Mass of Reconciliation. By the eighth century, the Masses became three: one for reconciliation, one for blessing the holy oils and a third for the Last Supper. The last two were in reduced form, being without Liturgy of the Word. Pope Pius V's reforms in 1570 forbade the celebration of Mass after noon, and the Mass of the Lord's Supper became a morning Mass and remained so until Pope Pius XII's reforms in the 1950s.[18]
The washing of feet that is now part of the Mass of the Lord's Supper was in use at an early stage without relation to this particular day, and was first prescribed for use on Holy Thursday by a 694 Council of Toledo. By the twelfth century it was found in the Roman liturgy as a separate service. Pope Pius V included this rite in his Roman Missal, placing it after the text of the Mass of the Lord's Supper.[19] He did not make it part of the Mass, but indicated that it was to take place "at a suitable hour" after the stripping of the altars.[20] The 1955 revision by Pope Pius XII inserted the rite into the Mass.
References
- ^ General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar, 19
- ^ Proper Liturgy for Maundy Thursday, 1979 (American) Book of Common Prayer
- ^ The Anglican Missal, pp. B44-B59
- ^ Holy Thursday Evening Mass of the Lord's Supper, 45
- ^ Holy Thursday Evening Mass of the Lord's Supper, 48
- ^ Holy Thursday Evening Mass of the Lord's Supper, 50
- ^ Exodus 12:1-8 and 12:11-14
- ^ Psalms 116:10-11 and {{{3}}}
- ^ Holy Thursday Evening Mass of the Lord's Supper, 45
- ^ Holy Thursday Evening Mass of the Lord's Supper, 51
- ^ Missale Romanum, Feria V in Cena Domini, 35-36
- ^ Missale Romanum, Feria V in Cena Domini, 37-38
- ^ Missale Romanum, Feria V in Cena Domini, 38
- ^ Missale Romanum, Feria V in Cena Domini, 39-40
- ^ Missale Romanum, Feria V in Cena Domini, 43
- ^ Holy Thursday Evening Mass of the Lord's Supper, 56
- ^ Missale Romanum, Feria V in Cena Domini, 41
- ^ Orlando O. Espín, James B. Nickoloff, An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies (Liturgical Press, 2007 ISBN 0-8146-5856-3, 9780814658567), p. 379
- ^ Orlando O. Espín, James B. Nickoloff, An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies (Liturgical Press, 2007 ISBN 0-8146-5856-3, 9780814658567), p. 380
- ^ Missale Romanum, Editio Princeps (1570), reproduction published by Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1998, ISBN 88-209-2547-8
See also
Categories:- Catholic liturgy
- Holy Week
- Christian liturgy, rites, and worship services
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