Martin Hans Boyè

1841 daguerreotype of Martin Hans Boyè by Robert Cornelius

Martin Hans Boyè (6 December 1812-6 March 1907) was a Danish-American chemist.^[1]

Boyè was born in Copenhagen, Denmark on 6 December 1812, son of a chemist in charge of the works of the Royal Porcelain Manufactury. He attended the Copenhagen University and then the Polytechnic School, where he was taught by Johan Georg Forchhammer, graduating with honors in 1835. At the age of 24, in 1836, Boyè emigrated to New York, and in 1837 moved to Philadelphia where he became a student of Robert Hare. In 1838 he was employed as a geologist in the New Jersey geological survey under Henry Darwin Rogers.^[1]

In 1839 the Journal of the Franklin Institute published an analysis of a specimen of iron ore from "Iron Mountain", Missouri by Rogers and Boye.^[2] In 1840 the same journal published a paper by Robert E. and Martin Boye on the determination of the presence of calcium using sulphuric acid.^[3] In 1840 the American Journal of Science contained an article on a new compound of platinum discovered by Rogers and his friend Boyè.^[4] Boyè continued his studies of chemistry in the laboratory of James Curtis Booth.^[5] He received an MD degree in 1844 from the University of Pennsylvania, with a graduate thesis on "the Structure of the Nervous System".^[6] He continued to assist Booth until 1845.^[7]

In 1847, Boyè invented a method of refining cottonseed oil, and later he entered into large-scale production of this oil for cooking and as an an ingredient in toilet soap. His research included development of perchloric ether used as a smokeless gunpowder, analysis of feldspar, a treatise on the composition of water in the Schuykill River, an analysis of concretion from a horse's stomach, analysis of Chinese artificially colored tea, and an investigation of the Aurora Borealis. Boyè was Chair of Chemistry in Central High, Philadelphia, from 1851 to 1859, when he resigned due to poor health. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society and the American Association of Geologists.^[6]

Bibliography

Selected works:

• Henry Darwin Rogers, Martin Hans Boyè (1841). "Upon a new compound of the deuto-chloride of platinum, nitric oxide, and chloro-hydric acid". Volume 7, Part 6 of Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (American Philosophical Society). 
• Jöns Jakob Berzelius (friherre), Martin Hans Boye, F. Leaming (1843). The kidneys and urine. Lea & Blanchard. http://books.google.ca/books?id=wOsRAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover. 
• Clark Hare, Martin Hans Boyè (1843). "On the perchlorate of the oxide of ethule or perchloric ether". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 
• James Curtis Booth, Martin Hans Boyè (1846). "On the conversion of benzoïc into hippuric acid". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (American Philosophical Society). 
• Martin Hans Boye (1856). A treatise on pneumatics: being the physics of gases : including vapors.... E.C. & J. Biddle. http://books.google.ca/books?id=i9QEAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover. 

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Edgar Fahs Smith (January 1944). "Martin Hans Boyè, chemist, 1812-1909". J. Chem. Educ., 1944, 21 (1), p 7. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed021p7. Retrieved 2010-12-10. 
2. ^ Journal of the Franklin Institute, Volume 23. 1839. p. 361. http://books.google.ca/books?id=-3UqAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA361. 
3. ^ Edgar F. Smith (1914). Chemistry in America. D. APPLETON AND COMPANY. p. 236. ISBN 1113649585. http://books.google.ca/books?id=TUEdxaBGvCMC&pg=PA236. 
4. ^ American journal of science, Volume 38: 186. 1840. http://books.google.ca/books?id=nfUQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA186. 
5. ^ Patterson DuBois (5 October 1888). "James Curtis Booth, Ph.D, LL.D.". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia for promoting useful knowledge, Volume 25. The Society. p. 204ff. http://books.google.ca/books?id=2LwUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA204. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Joseph Struble (2001). "Martin Hans Boyè, chemist". George Eastman House. http://www.geh.org/link/sn/boye.html. Retrieved 2010-12-10. 
7. ^ "Booth, James Curtis". Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events, Volume 13. D. Appleton and company. 1889. p. 624. http://books.google.ca/books?id=2KgYAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA624.