Mario Pezzi (aviator)

Mario Pezzi (1898-1968) was an Italian aviator known worldwide for his flight in which he achieved greater height than any other pilot in a propeller-powered airplane.

Biography

The future lieutenant general was born November 9, 1898. He had one brother, Enrico, who also grew up to be a General in the Italian Air Force. Mario joined the Infantry in October 1917, and the next year earned the rank of second lieutenant. He received his pilot's license in 1926. The next year he became part of the General Staff, rising to Cabinet of the Defense Ministry in 1931.

After Pezzi's record flight, he was decorated with "Medal of Gold to the Aeronautical Value" and promoted Colonel. Later he also became Commander of Aeronautics as well as Chief of the General Staff. From 1950-1955, Pezzi worked as Head of Cabinet of the Minister and, subsequently, General Secretary of Aeronautics.

Broglio himself described that meeting with Pezzi: "In 1956, secretary-general of ITAF Pezzi, the man famous for his altitude flight records, asked me to replace the officer responsible for the ITAF Ammunition Research Unit, a branch of the Service dealing with rockets and missiles too. I answered that it was not my field, my field being airplanes, not rockets. Pezzi objected: "Then give me the name of some top brass who is expert in that field". I answered again no, I did not know anyone with such a capability. "Well, then the post is yours" was Pezzi's conclusion.

Record Flight

Pezzi reached supremacy above Montecelio (Rome) aboard a Caproni Ca.161 biplane with a Piaggio motor and watertight cabin, wearing a special diving apparatus ^picture and reaching a height of 17,083 m (56,047 ft). This record still stands today.

On May 7, 1937, Maj. Mario Pezzi took off from the Guidonia-Montecelio base on a Caproni Ca161 aircraft powered by a 14 cyl. double stellar engine supercharged by a double centrifugal 750 hp compressor. Piloting this aircraft he climbed to 15,655 mt (25,000 ft). Pezzi wore a special electrically heated pressurized suit and an airtight helmet, just like a modern astronaut. In the Caproni hangars in the meantime work went on ceaselessly to produce a new version of the aircraft, the Ca161bis designed by engineer Verduzio. Its cockpit embedded an air-tight shell, the first one to be built in the history of flight. The great expectations on this machine were soon fulfilled: on October 22, 1938, Pezzi attained a new world record of altitude in a propeller-driven, piston-engined aircraft (17,083 mt, 51,000 ft), record still unbeaten today. Pezzi is rightly considered an aeronautics and astronautics pioneer in Italy not only for his altitude records: he was the man who chose Luigi Broglio to lead the ITAF Ammunition Research Unit, responsible for rockets and missiles research, leading the way to future space exploration in Italy

In those years Americans, Germans, English and French fought for this record, and Italy entered the contest with 14.433m (47.35ft) in 1934 from Donates on his Caproni Ca.113 with a Pegaso motor.

In 1936, l'inglese Swain achieved 15,230m (49,970ft) with a Bristol 138; but in the same year Pezzi struck it with 15,635m (51,300ft) caught up to it aboard a Ca.161.

In 1937, Englishman M.J. Adam in its turn exceeded it with 16,440m (53,940ft) to edge always of a Bristol 138.

On October 22 of the following year, Pezzi achieved his still-valid world record for propeller aircraft with a height of 17,083m (55,920ft).

Entered in aeronautics, Pezzi had followed the career of official pilot, and in 1934 he had been named commander of the unit for the record flight from Montecelio. He became an advanced official and received many decorations. In the post-war period he was general secretary of the Aeronautics and subsequently head of Cabinet of the Defense Ministry.

References

• Enrico Pezzi's Family Website
• Italian Wikipedia

Persondata
Name	Pezzi, Mario
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1898
Place of birth
Date of death	1968
Place of death