Marcellus Emants

Marcellus Emants, litography by Theo Kerstel

Marcellus Emants (Voorburg, (Netherlands), 12 August 1848 – Baden, Switzerland), 14 October 1923) was a Dutch novelist who was one of the few examples of Dutch Naturalism. He is seen as a first step towards the renewing force of the Tachtigers towards modern Dutch literature, a movement which started around the 1880s. His most well-known work is A Posthumous Confession, published in 1894.

Biography

Life and Work

As part of a dynasty of magistrates, Emants complied with his father’s wish and studied Law. He did well, but his heart lay with the arts, not with legal matters. Initially he could not choose between music (cello), drawing, theatre and literature. He avoided the student scene in the Dutch university town of Leiden, but founded a literary club Quatuor with a few friends from The Hague. His first publication would feature in the club’s magazine.

After his father’s death, he became financially independent, broke off his studies and took to travelling the world. He seemed better at ease in the Alps than in the lowlands and as a result made yearly trips to the former. In Quatuor’s successor, Spar en Hulst (Pine and Holly) he wrote an essay entitled Bergkristal van Oberammergau (Mountain crystal of Oberammergua) in 1872 about the Passion plays which he had attended there. He himself was a bit surprised about the attention which his text had attracted, but kept on travelling and developed a genre of ‘travel account which is much more than a travel account.’ (Busken Huet)

Although he shared the Tachtigers' vision of the arts' autonomy, Emants kept outside of their group, as he felt he could not participate in their elaborate use of language: ‘I have always wanted to aspire to, if I was reading a book, noticing the words as little as possible.’^[1] Despite this ideal, he would still be called ‘the Johannes Baptista of modern literature' by Willem Kloos, who was one of the leading figures of the 1880s.^[2]

Emants kept a sober style and a subject which was idealistically pessimistic. His examples were Emile Zola, Hippolyte Taine and Ivan Turgenev, with the latter even keeping correspondence.

He was vice-president of the ‘Vereniging tot vereenvoudiging van onze spelling’ (Society for the Simplification of our Spelling) and wrote A Posthumous Confession. He attended the state commission for the reform of Dutch spelling as well, which did not succeed in its set-up however. 11 long years after his death, though, Minister of Education Marchant would still implement the proposals made by this commission anyway.

During the First World War, Emants felt locked up within the Netherlands and when Armistice was finally there, he made preparations to go and establish himself in Switzerland. On the 2nd of March 1920, he finally left The Hague forever and stayed in Switzerland alternatingly in hotels, spa towns and sanatoria. Almost immediately he was struck by shingles, followed by a few strokes. He died on the 20th of October 1923 in the Grand Hôtel in Baden and was interred in The Hague on the General Cemetery.

Family

Marcellus Emants was married three times. A first time to Christina Magdalena Prins, a distant cousin, in 1873. He was sadly widowed two years after the marriage, in 1875. Then he married Eva Vemiers van der Loef on the 10th of July 1880. She published a novel in 1887 under the pseudonym Nessuno: Beemsen Esquire and died in 1900. On the 5th of July 1904, he married the German actress Jenny Kühn. Although the marriage was a disaster, they did have a daughter Eva Clara Jenny whom he adored and spoilt. She would later call herself Lillith after a work of his from 1879.

References

1. ^ E. d'Oliveira: De mannen van '80 aan het woord. Een onderzoek naar enkele beginselen van de 'Nieuwe Gids'-school. Amsterdam, 1920.
2. ^ De Nieuwe Gids, 1888

• F. Boerwinkel: De Levensbeschouwing van Marcellus Emants. Dissertatie RU Utrecht. Amsterdam, 1943.
• Pierre H. Dubois: Marcellus Emants, een schrijversleven. Den Haag, 1964. Tweede druk, 1980.
• Nop Maas: Marcellus Emants' opvattingen over kunst en leven in de periode 1869-1877. Dissertatie VU Amsterdam. Arnhem, 1988. ISBN 9070711273 / ISBN 9789070711276

Persondata
Name	Emants, Marcellus
Alternative names
Short description	Novelist
Date of birth	12 August 1848
Place of birth	Voorburg, (Netherlands
Date of death	14 October 1923
Place of death	Baden, Switzerland