Manoj Pradhan

Manoj Pradhan is an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was elected from the G. Udayagiri assembly constituency from the state of Orissa.^[1] He has been convicted in two cases of murder during the Kandhamal riots of 2008, in which 38 people were killed and more than 25,000 tribal Christians were displaced.^[2] Since Pradhan was in jail at the time, he was given 15 days bail so he could participate in the swearing-in of the state assembly.

Background

Manoj Pradhan belongs to the Kandha tribe, and hails from Laburigaon village in Kandhmal district.

With 80% of the population living below the poverty line, Kandhamal is one of the poorest districts of India. The population is largely tribal, with the scheduled tribes of Kandha, constituting 55%, along with a minority of Pana tribals. Under circumstances of severe governmental neglect, Christian missionaries were able to convert many of the Pana, who had their own forms of religion, over the last five decades.^[3] The Kandha are largely Hindu or believe in local animistic faiths.

Over the last four decades, the Christian conversion was opposed by the Vishwa Hindu Parishad led by Swami Laxmanananda. In August 2008, Laxmananda was murdered by a squad of armed Maoists,^[4] leading to widespread riots in which Manoj Pradhan had a leading role.

Kandhamal riots

After Laxmananda's murder, Hindu mobs were convinced that Christians, who may have been behind several earlier attacks on him,^[5] were behind the murder. Eventually, however, a Maoist couple, Surendra Vekwara and Ruby, who were alleged to have killed the Swami, surrendered to the Orissa police.^[6] The trigger had apparently been pulled by Maoist leader Udaya.^{[citation needed]}

However, BJP leaders like Manoj Pradhan and Ashok Sahu^[7] incited Hindu mobs to attack the Christian Pano tribal villages. The mob set fire to many Christian settlements, killing at least 38 people.^[8] More than a thousand people are still living in Government refugee camps.

Indictment and arrest

During the investigations of the riot, Manoj Pradhan, though not named in the initial First Information Report, was charged in 12 cases under sections 147 (rioting), 148 (rioting with deadly weapon), 149 (unlawful assembly), 201 (causing disappearance of evidence of offence), 302 (murder), 341 (wrongfully restraining someone), 342 (wrongful confinement) and 436 (mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to destroy houses etc.) of the Indian Penal Code/^[9] Pradhan went into hiding, and was listed as one of the "most wanted" in police files. After his arrest in October 2008, the investigating officer Arun Ray, stated that much of the killing during the riots had been "planned much before".^[10]

During the investigation of the riots, Manoj Pradhan emerged as one of the firebrand leaders of the mob; police dossiers describe him as "the field commander"^[11] who led the rampaging mobs. On October 15, 2008, he was injured in a shootout^[12] during a period when the armed constable Bakshis Singh of the elite Central Reserve Police Force was killed while trying to protect the minorities. Pradhan had to undergo hospital treatment, and was staying at a lodge in Berhampur that night when he was arrested. The riots died down the same month.

2009 elections

For the Indian general election in Orissa, 2009, the Hindutva-oriented Bharatiya Janata Party inducted Pradhan, who had little political experience, as its candidate for the state legislature from the G Udaygiri constituency. The induction of a riot-accused as a representative of one of the main political parties raised considerable criticism, but was defended by party spokesman Nayan Mohanty, who claimed that charges against him had been "fabricated"^[11]

In the run-up to the elections, Naveen Patnaik, leader of the Biju Janata Dal broke his ties with the BJP, saying that "the alliance in the state had to be broken because it became impossible for him to stay with the saffron party after the Kandhanmal riots which "horrified the entire world". ^[13]

Although the BJP did very poorly in the elections, failing to win a single seat in parliament,^[14] it won two of the three state assembly seats in the Kandhmal district. Pradhan won the G Udaygiri seat, defeating the sitting Member of the Legislative Assembly Ajayanti Pradhan of the Indian National Congress by 20,000 votes. Pradhan became a Member of the Legislative Assembly,^[15] but could not attend the oath-taking ceremony since his bail application was rejected by a court in Phulbani.^[16] Eventually the high court granted him bail and he was able to take the oath a few days late.^[17]

Murder convictions

On 29 June 2010, a fast-track court set up after the Kandhamal riots found Manoj Pradhan guilty of the murder of Parikhita Digal, a Christian from Budedi village who was killed by the mob on August 27, 2008. ^[18] Pradhan was sentenced to seven years rigorous imprisonment. However, after his election he was granted bail by the High court on July 6.^[19]

On 9 September 2010, another judge found Pradhan guilty in the murder of Bikram Nayak from Budedipada on August 26, 2008.^[8] He was sentenced to six years imprisonment in this case.

These are two of the 12 cases relating to the Kandhamal riots in which Manoj Pradhan has been charged; there are two other murder cases yet to be decided.

References

1. ^ "BJP MLA convicted in Kandhamal riots case". Press Trust of India (The Hindu). September 9, 2010. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article623180.ece. Retrieved 2010-09-12. 
2. ^ "BJP lawmaker gets jail for murder in Kandhamal riots | Accident / Crime / Disaster". Indiatalkies.com. http://www.indiatalkies.com/2010/09/bjp-lawmaker-jail-murder-kandhamal-riots.html. Retrieved 2010-09-11. 
3. ^ Karan, Jajati (August 30, 2008). "Why Kandhamal is a battleground over conversion". CNN-IBN. http://www.ibnlive.com/news/why-kandhamal-is-a-battleground-over-conversion/72514-3.html. 
4. ^ Top Maoist commander Udaya nabbed Indian Express
5. ^ "Slain vhp man was conversion king". Indianexpress.com. August 26, 2008. http://www.indianexpress.com/story/353136.html. Retrieved 2008-09-18. "Earlier, there had been two attacks on Lakshmanananda in 1971 and 1995. His recent troubles started last year when his car was stoned on December 24 by Dalit Christians in the native village of the Congress’s Rajya Sabha MP, Radha Kanta Nayak, himself a Dalit Christian." 
6. ^ "Killers of Laxmanananda Saraswati surrender". Zee News. July 22, 2009. http://www.zeenews.com/news549289.html. 
7. ^ "BJP's Kandhamal candidate Ashok Sahu arrested: | Lok Sabha Election news 2009 | Rediff.com". Election.rediff.com. http://election.rediff.com/report/2009/apr/14/loksabhapoll-bjps-kandhamal-candidate-ashok-sahu-arrested.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-11. 
8. ^ ^{a b} "BJP MLA convicted in Kandhamal riots case". The Hindu. September 9, 2010. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article623180.ece. "[The court] convicted Pradhan for the murder of Bikram Nayak from Budedipada of Tiangia village under Raikia police station limits on August 26, 2008. ... for setting ablaze houses of people belonging to the minority community and inciting communal violence. ... the riots in Kandhamal which claimed at least 38 lives in the aftermath of the killing of VHP leader Swami Laxmanananda Saraswati." 
9. ^ "Kandhamal riot: BJP MLA Manoj Pradhan sentenced to seven years rigorous imprisonment". Daily News & Analysis. June 29, 2010. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_breaking-news-bjp-mla-manoj-pradhan-sentenced-for-seven-years-in-kandhamal-riots_1402844. Retrieved September 17, 2010. 
10. ^ Bhatia, Shireen (October 20, 2008). "Soldier Protecting Christians Mutilated, Killed in Orissa, India". Right Side News. http://www.rightsidenews.com/200810202279/world/terrorism/soldier-protecting-christians-mutilated-killed-in-orissa-india.html. Retrieved September 17, 2010. "Orissa police have arrested one of the "most wanted" in the anti-Christian riots in the state's Kandhmal district. Manoj Pradhan, a key tribal leader, was reportedly arrested at a lodge in Berhampur on Wednesday (Oct. 15) night. Arun Ray, inspector general of police, told media, "The crime was planned much before"." 
11. ^ ^{a b} Mishra, Sandeep (March 30, 2009). "In jail, Kandhmal riots accused gets BJP ticket". Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4336790.cms. Retrieved September 17, 2010. 
12. ^ "India Soldier Hacked To Death For Protecting Christians; New Violence In Orissa". bosnewslife.com. October 20, 2008. http://www.bosnewslife.com/3861-3861-india-soldier-hacked-to-death-for-protecting. Retrieved September 17, 2010. 
13. ^ "Kandhamal caused BJP-BJD break-up: Naveen Patnaik". CNN-IBN. April 9, 2009. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kandhamal-caused-bjpbjd-breakup-naveen-patnaik/89826-37.html. Retrieved September 17, 2009. 
14. ^ "Parting ways with BJD proves costly for BJP". The Hindu. May 17, 2009. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200905171311.htm. Retrieved September 17, 2010. 
15. ^ "Simultaneous General Election 2009- ORISSA". Orissa. http://as.ori.nic.in/gis/html/orissa/mla.pdf. Retrieved September 17, 2010. 
16. ^ "Orissa legislator, freed on bail, takes oath". twocircles.net. July 6, 2009. http://twocircles.net/2009jul06/orissa_legislator_freed_bail_takes_oath.html. Retrieved September 17, 2010. 
17. ^ "Riot-accused MLA gets bail". telegraphindia.com. July 6, 2009. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090706/jsp/nation/story_11199513.jsp. Retrieved September 17, 2010. 
18. ^ "2008 Kandhamal riots: BJP MLA sentenced to 7 years in jail". Ndtv.com. June 29, 2010. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/2008-kandhamal-riots-bjp-mla-sentenced-to-7-years-in-jail-34605. Retrieved September 11, 2010. 
19. ^ "Orissa HC grants bail to Kandhamal riot convict BJP MLA". Daily News & Analysis. July 7, 2010. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_orissa-hc-grants-bail-to-kandhamal-riot-convict-bjp-mla_1406659. Retrieved September 11, 2010. 

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