The Virgin's Cradle Hymn

The engraving by Hieronymus Wierix which Coleridge encountered in 1799.

"The Virgin's Cradle Hymn" is a short lullaby text. It was collected while on a tour of Germany by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and published in his Sibylline Leaves of 1817.^[1] According to his own note, Coleridge copied the Latin text from a "print of the Blessed Virgin in a Catholic village in Germany", which he later translated into English.^[1][2] The text, actually from a collection of devotional Flemish engravings by Hieronymus Wierix, has inspired a number of modern choral and vocal musical settings.^[3][4]

Background

Coleridge embarked upon his tour of Germany with his close friend William Wordsworth in 1798 shortly after the publication of their Lyrical Ballads of 1798. It was in May 1799, the eleventh month of his tour, that he encountered the print in a village inn. His diary records that it was either Womarshausen or Giebaldhausen, both Roman Catholic villages in the vicinity of Mainz.^[5]

The print itself was of Dutch origin, from a book entitled Jesu Christi Dei Domini Salvatoris nostra Infantia ("The Infancy of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ"), a collection of prints and accompanying verse by Flemish engraver Hieronymus Wierix (1553-1619).^[3] The verse accompanied an image titled "The Virgin Sewing While Angels Rock Her Son to Sleep", a woodcutting of the infant Jesus asleep in a cradle, rocked by two angels, while the Virgin Mary sits alongside engaged in needlework.^[6]

Coleridge sent the Latin copy to be printed in the Courier in 1801 as "A Correspondent in Germany". Despite having made a translation in his notebook, Coleridge did not consider publishing his English version of the short poem for almost ten years. He first published the two side-by-side in the Courier in 1811. Coleridge retold the story of his collection of the text and suggested that it could be sung to the tune of "the famous Sicilian Hymn Adeste Fideles laeti triumphantes", nowadays better known as "O Come All Ye Faithful".^[5] He later published the poem and his translation in his collection Sibylline Leaves of 1817.

Text

Latin original.[1]	English translation by S.T. Coleridge.[1]
Dormi, Jesu! Mater ridet Quae tam dulcem somnum videt, Dormi, Jesu! blandule! Si non dormis, Mater plorat, Inter fila cantans orat, Blande, veni, somnule.	Sleep, sweet babe! my cares beguiling: Mother sits beside thee smiling; Sleep, my darling, tenderly! If thou sleep not, mother mourneth, Singing as her wheel she turneth: Come, soft slumber, balmily!

Musical settings

Further to Coleridge's own musical suggestion, the short text has inspired a number of modern composers, and is usually titled "The Virgin's Cradle Hymn" or "Dormi, Jesu". These are mostly choral compositions, although occasionally rendered as art songs (lieder).

Settings have been composed by, among others, Edmund Rubbra (published 1925, op.3 for SATB chorus)^[4], Edward MacDowell (published 1894 for voice and piano)^[4], John Tasker Howard (published 1947 for SSA chorus with piano accompaniment)^[4], Richard Rodney Bennett (SSA chorus), Anton von Webern (published 1923-4, from Fünf Canons op. 16 no. 2), Alexander MacKenzie (published 1892 for mezzo-soprano, piano, violin or cello)^[4], Ronald Corp (published 1975, SATB)^[7], Stephen Tuttle (published 1943, soprano, SSAA chorus and piano)^[4], Charles Macpherson (published 1893, SATB)^[4], Ralph Vaughan Williams (first performed 1894 for voice and piano, first published in The Vocalist, April 1905 as "A cradle song")^[4], Charles Lee Williams, (organist of Gloucester Cathedral and a founder of the Three Choirs Festival, published 1903 for five-part chorus)^[4] and John Rutter (SATB with organ or orchestra, commissioned for the 1999 King's College Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols).^[8]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Sibylline Leaves (Rest Fenner, 1817), 260
2. ^ Paulist Fathers, Catholic World, Volume 4, 1867, 388
3. ^ ^{a b} Gary Bachlund, The Virgin's Cradle Hymn, Retrieved 20 December 2010
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} The Virgin's Cradle Hymn", The Lied, Art Song, and Choral Texts Page, Retrieved 20 December 2010
5. ^ ^{a b} Cynthia Kaldis, "The Virgin's Cradle Hymn" in Latin Music Through the Ages, Volume 1 (Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 1991) ISBN 9780865162426
6. ^ Anna Jameson, Legends of the Madonna, as Represented in the Fine Arts, Sacred and Legendary Art book 3, Volume 25 (Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1852), 286-287
7. ^ The second of Three Medieval Carols published 1975 by Stainer and Bell
8. ^ Order of Service 1999, A Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols, King's College Chapel, Cambridge