Doleib Hill

Doleib Hill
—  Village  —
Doleib Hill Location in South Sudan
Coordinates: 9°21′35″N 31°36′03″E / 9.35972°N 31.60083°E / 9.35972; 31.60083Coordinates: 9°21′35″N 31°36′03″E / 9.35972°N 31.60083°E / 9.35972; 31.60083
Country	South Sudan
State	Upper Nile

Doleib Hill was a mission station established by the American Inland Mission in southern Sudan, located approximately 10 miles south of the city of Malakal, on the northern bank of the Sobat river, in Upper Nile province, southern Sudan.

Early years

Doleib Hill was established during the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan condominium period, in the early part of the 20th century, and developed into an important educational and religious center among the Shilluk people of the region.^{[citation needed]} The Reverend J. Alfred Heasty lived at Doleib Hill from 1921 and became an expert on the local Shulla people and their language. The Shulla were primarily herdsmen rather than farmers, measuring their wealth and social standing in cattle. They felt it was wrong to kill a cow, but would eat one that had died. The Shulla also hunted and fished and foraged for wild edible plants.^[1]

Civil wars

During the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972) the school was forcibly closed by government forces. The Government of Sudan targeted the Christianized-Westernized educated elite, treating them as rebels. In July 1965 the headmaster of the girls' schools at Doleib Hill was one of the first to be tortured and then killed.^[2] The school was reopened after the Addis Ababa peace accord of 1972. The school was subsequently forced to close for a second time after the outbreak of the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005).^{[citation needed]}

The school buildings were occupied as a government garrison in 1983.^[3] In late 1986 and early 1987 rebel Anyanya-2 forces attacked Shilluk villages near Doleib Hill and Taufikia several times. Possibly as many as 600 civilians were killed.^[4]

In 1991 the Lou Nuer Anyanya-2 militia was based near Doleib Hill under Yohannes Yual when it declared for Riek Machar's breakaway SPLA-Nasir.^[5] In 1995 Riek Machar granted an amnesty to Commander Gordon Kong Banypiny, who had been convicted for using his troops in an ethnically-motivated attack on Nasir, held by a different section of Nuer within the SSIA command. After trying to raise support in the Waat region, Gordon Kong fled to Doleib Hill, which was held by a government militia commanded by Mabur Dhol, a former Anyana soldier. He went on from there to Malakak where he obtained arms from the government.^[6]

References

1. ^ Charles Partee (2000). "Doleib Hill - Among the Shullas 1934 - 1938". Adventure in Africa: the story of Don McClure : from Khartoum to Addis Ababa in five decades. University Press of America. p. 61ff. ISBN 076181809X. http://books.google.ca/books?id=GJ8i-ZuOBsUC&pg=PA61. 
2. ^ Mark Bixler (2005). The lost boys of Sudan: an American story of the refugee experience. University of Georgia Press. p. 52. ISBN 082032499X. http://books.google.ca/books?id=9LCw8TjFuCcC&pg=PA52. 
3. ^ Mawut Achiecque Mach Guarak (2011). Integration and Fragmentation of the Sudan: An African Renaissance. AuthorHouse. p. 250. ISBN 1456723553. http://books.google.ca/books?id=ggRAkGJvAucC&pg=PA250. 
4. ^ Africa Watch Committee (1990). Denying "the honor of living": Sudan, a human rights disaster. Human Rights Watch. p. 79. ISBN 0929692535. http://books.google.ca/books?id=1K_5IOdPQ-sC&pg=PA79. 
5. ^ Johnson, Douglas Hamilton (2003). The root causes of Sudan's civil wars. Indiana University Press. p. 202. ISBN 0253215846. http://books.google.ca/books?id=Qq9GQyFDMe0C&pg=PA202. 
6. ^ Jemera Rone (1996). Behind the red line: political repression in Sudan. Human Rights Watch. p. 342. ISBN 1564321649. http://books.google.ca/books?id=X9db6P7xdP8C&pg=PA342.