Carl Burgos

Carl Burgos (né Max Finkelstein, [http://lambiek.net/artists/b/burgos_carl.htm The Lambiek Comiclopedia: Carl Burgos] ] April 18, 1916, New York City, New York; died 1984) was an American comic book and advertising artist best known for creating the original Human Torch in "Marvel Comics" #1 (Oct. 1939), during the period historians and fans call the Golden Age of comic books.

He was inducted into comic books' Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1996.

Biography

Early career

Carl Burgos studied at the National Academy of Design in Manhattan, where, he recalled in the late 1960s, "I quit after one year because I couldn't learn enough".Steranko, Jim. "The Steranko History of Comics - Volume One" (Supergraphics, 1970), p. 58] He took a job with the Franklin Engraving Company, which engraved the printing plates for comic books produced by Harry "A" Chesler, founder of one of that era's comic-book "packagers" that created comics on demand for publishers entering the new medium. Joining Chesler's studio himself in 1938, [ [http://www.bailsprojects.com/(S(23bpz4i4oqap55mdvdhp0s45))/whoswho.aspx Who's Who of American Comic Books 1928-1999: Burgos, Carol] ] Burgos apprenticed by drawing backgrounds and panel borders, and inking the work of comics pencilers. His earliest works include penciling and inking the six-page story "The Last Pirate", starring Count Rocco and his ship the Emerald Queen, in Centaur Publications' "Star Comics" vol. 2, #2 (March 1939); [http://www.comics.org/search.lasso?type=credit&query=Carl+Burgos&sort=chrono&Submit=Search Carl Burgos] in Grand Comics Database] creating the features "Air-Sub DX", in Centaur's "Amazing Mystery Funnies" vol. 2, #4 (April 1939), [ [http://ratmmjess.tripod.com/ga/golda.html Golden Age Directory: A] ] and "Rocky Dawson"; and creating the robot hero the Iron Skull in Centaur's "Amazing-Man Comics" #5 (Sept. 1939). [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Olympus/7160/Timely2.htm "The Timely Comics Story", by Jess Nevins] ]

Burgos and others, including Centaur Publications writer-artist Bill Everett, then followed Centaur art director Lloyd Jacquet to Jacquet's own newly formed packager, Funnies, Inc.. As Everett later described, "Lloyd... had an idea that he wanted to start his own art service — to start a small organization to supply artwork and editorial material to publishers. ... He asked me to join him. He also asked Carl Burgos. So we were the nucleus...."Bill Everett interview, originally published in "Alter Ego" #11, 1978; reprinted in "Alter Ego" vol. 3, #46 (March 2005); p. 8 of the latter.] He added, "I don't know how to explain it, but I was still on a freelance basis. That was the agreement we had. The artists, including myself, at Funnies, worked on a freelance basis".

Following an unsuccessful attempt at a promotional comic to be given away in movie theaters, Funnies, Inc.'s first sale was to publisher Martin Goodman's equally new Timely Comics, the predecessor of Marvel Comics, supplying the contents of "Marvel Comics" #1 (Oct. 1939). That landmark issue included not only writer-artist Burgos' Human Torch but also Everett's hit character the Sub-Mariner. A painted cover by veteran science-fiction pulp artist Frank R. Paul featured the Torch.

Burgos' character proved a hit, and quickly went on to headline one of comics' first single-character titles, "The Human Torch" (premiering fall 1940 with no cover date and as issue #2, having taken over the numbering from the single-issue "Red Raven"). He next created the superhero character the White Streak in Novelty Press' "Target Comics" #1 (Feb. 1940), and, with writer John Compton, the superhero the Thunderer in Timely's "Daring Mystery Comics #7 (April 1941).

Burgos left for World War II military service in 1942, starting in the U.S. Air Force, for which he took infantry ranger training and was sent overseas as a rifleman before being transferred to the Signal Corps and then to an engineer division.

Atlas and the 1950s

Following his return from the war, Burgos attended City College of New York to study advertising, and drew a small number of stories for Timely, including anthological crime dramas in "Official True Crime Cases Comics" #24 (Fall 1947), and "Complete Mystery" #3-4 (Dec. 1948 - Feb. 1949). [http://atlastales.com/cr/73/n:73:z:a:o:4:d:ASC:p:1 Carl Burgos in AtlasTales.com] ] Other work included penciling a Captain America story in "Marvel Mystery Comics" #92 (June 1949), and inking fellow Timely mainstays Mike Sekowsky and Syd Shores on, respectively, at least one story each starring Sun Girl and the Blonde Phantom (both in "Marvel Mystery Comics" #89, Dec. 1948). Segueing out of full-time comics work, Burgos eased into a career in advertising and commercial art while freelancing frequently for Atlas Comics, the 1950s iteration of Marvel, primarily as a cover artist across all genres from jungle-girl to war comics, though fellow Atlas artist Stan Goldberg, who joined the company in 1949, recalled in 2002 that "Burgos was on staff most of the time I was there".Interview with Atlas/Marvel artist Stan Goldberg, "Alter Ego" #18 (Oct. 2002), p. 9]

His most prominent comics work during this time came during Atlas' mid-1950s attempt at reviving the dormant superhero field with Timely stars the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner, and Captain America, with Burgos drawing the Human Torch stories in "Young Men" #25-28 (Feb.- June 1954), as well as the covers of "Young Men" #24-25 (Dec. 1953 - Feb. 1954) and of the short-lived relaunch "Human Torch" #36-38 (April-Aug. 1954); he also redrew at least the Human Torch figure in the first panel of artist Russ Heath's story nine-page story "The Return Of The Human Torch" in "Young Men" #24. Burgos during the '50s also contributed to the Atlas humor comics "Crazy", "Wild", and "Riot"; the Western comic "Annie Oakley"; and science-fiction/horror anthologies, including "Astonishing", "Journey Into Unknown Worlds", "Strange Stories of Suspense" and "Strange Tales of the Unusual", among many others. His last credited Atlas story was the five-page "Dateline - Iwo Jima" in "Battle" #70 (June 1960).

He did humor for Pierce Publishing's "Frantic", Satire Publications' "Loco", and Major Magazines' "Cracked" during 1958 and 1959, as well as layout art for the MLJ/Archie Comics series "The Adventures of The Fly" and "The Double Life of Private Strong". Burgos also provided illustrations for Marvel publisher Martin Goodman's 1950s pulp magazines, including "Marvel Science Stories" and "Western Magazine".

During the late 1950s and early 1960s, Burgos worked for the Pro-Art Company and later for the Belwin Company, where he drew covers for sheet-music books, sometimes assisted by Susan Burgos, one of his two daughters. He also worked for a greeting-card company.

ilver Age and afterward

In the mid-1960s, during the era fans and historians call the Silver Age of comic books, Burgos pursued a lawsuit against Marvel to assert ownership of the Human Torch, whose name and superpowers had been used for the Fantastic Four's Johnny Storm since 1961. Little, if anything, came of this legal action. [Interview with daughter Susan Burgos, "Alter Ego" #49, June 2005, "The Privacy Act of Carl Burgos", p. 9: "I know he had a lawsuit against Marvel Comics. ... I do know that he went to see a lawyer. I assume it was about getting the rights to the Human Torch, and I read in "Alter Ego" that they settled out of court. I'm sure that's what happened the day he threw [all his Golden Age comics] away [in 1966] . I have no idea how it was settled or even if it went to court, though I don't think it did"] Burgos nonetheless contributed art to a Johnny Storm Human Torch story in "Strange Tales" #123 (Aug. 1964), as well as to three Giant-Man stories in "Tales to Astonish" #62-64 (Dec. 1964-Feb. 1965). Burgos drew himself and writer-editor Stan Lee into the final panel of the Torch story, with Lee adding the avuncular dialog:

Stan (referring to the Torch and the Thing): "There go the greatest guys in the world, Carl."
Carl: "Aw, you're just prejudiced, Stan."

Fellow Atlas/Marvel artist Stan Goldberg observed in 2005, "Carl and Stan never really got along, because their personalities clashed. When Atlas became Marvel, Carl never really got back into the company, or really into comics, either".

Marvel eventually revived Burgos' original Human Torch for present-day stories, starting with "The Fantastic Four Annual" #4 (Nov. 1966). That same year, Burgos created a short-lived character called Captain Marvel (no relation to either the old Fawcett Comics superhero or to Marvel's Captain Marvel) for Myron Fass' M. F. Enterprises. His last recorded comics art was the cover of "Captain Marvel" #4 (Nov. 1966).

From 1971 to 1975, Burgos served as an editor for Fass' Eerie Publications line of black-and-white horror-comic magazines, including "Horror Tales", "Weird", "Tales from the Tomb", "Tales of Voodoo", "Terror Tales", "Weird", and "Witches Tales". He would later edit various magazines for Harris Publications before his death from colon cancer.

Quotes

Atlas/Marvel artist and colorist Stan Goldberg: "I was in the Bullpen with a lot of well-known artists who worked up there at that time. We had our Bullpen up there until about 1958 or '59. [sic; the Bullpen staff was let go in 1957] The guys ... who actually worked nine-to-five and put in a regular day, and not the freelance guys who'd come in a drop off their work ... were almost a hall of fame group of people. There was John Severin. Bill Everett. Carl Burgos. There was the all-time great Joe Maneely.... We all worked together, all the colorists and correction guys, the letterers and artists. ... We had a great time". [ [http://www.adelaidecomicsandbooks.com/goldberg.htm Adelaide Comics and Books: Stan Goldberg interview] ]

Fred Hembeck recalling his childhood purchase of "Strange Tales" #123: "I found my attention drawn to a longish line of copy located in one of the credit boxes. It read, 'Illustrated by Carl Burgos (who was the first to draw the Torch way back in the Golden Age of Comics!).' Well, there you go — I'm sold yet AGAIN!! Because in a time when the oldest archival material being reprinted by either Marvel or DC came from the mid-to-late fifties ... ANYTHING that was somehow connected to that mysterious and majestic era when the original pantheon of colorfully costumed superheroes was born had my full and complete attention!" [ [http://www.hembeck.com/Covers/StrangeTales123.htm Hembeck.com: Classic Cover Redos — "Strange Tales" #123] ]

Footnotes

References

* [http://www.lib.msu.edu/comics/rri/brri/bure.htm Michigan State University Libraries, Special Collections Division, Reading Room Index to the Comic Art Collection: "Bureau" to "Buriko"] and [http://www.lib.msu.edu/comics/rri/hrri/human_t.htm "Human Tank" to "Human Zeros"]
* [http://www.comic-art.com/bios-1.htm Artist Biographies] Note: Birthdate given is contradicted by daughter Susan Burgos (see Footnotes, above)
* [http://www.toonopedia.com/torch1.htm Don Markstein's Toonopedia: The Human Torch]
* [http://www.toonopedia.com/capmarv0.htm Don Markstein's Toonopedia: Captain Marvel]

External links

* [http://www.oddballcomics.com/article.php?query=clicks&story=archive2003-03-03 Oddball Comics (column #750): "Captain Marvel" vol. 2, #1 (June 1966)", by Scott Shaw] , March 2, 2003