Camilo Castelo Branco

Infobox Writer
name = Camilo Ferreira Botelho Castelo-Branco


birthdate = March 16, 1825
birthplace = Lisbon Portugal
deathdate = death date and age|1890|06|01|1825|03|16
deathplace = São Miguel de Seide Portugal
occupation = novelist, playwright, essayist
movement = Romanticism
genre = Romance novel
influences = Victor Hugo, François-René de Chateaubriand, Luis de Camões, Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage, Fernão Mendes Pinto
influenced = Soares dos Passos, João de Lemos, Alexandre Braga

Camilo Ferreira Botelho Castelo-Branco,1st Viscount de Correia Botelho (pron. IPA2|kɐ'milu kɐʃ'tɛlu 'bɾɐ̃ku) (March 16 1825 - July 1 1890), was a prolific Portuguese writer of the 19th century, having authored over 260 books (mainly novels, plays and essays). His writing is, overall, considered original in that it combines the dramatic and sentimental spirit of Romanticism with a highly personal combination of sarcasm, bitterness and dark humour. He is also celebrated for his peculiar wit and anecdotal character, as well as for his turbulent (and ultimately tragical) biography.

His writing, which is centered in the local and the picturesque and is in a general sense affiliated with the Romantic tradition, his often regarded in contrast to that of Eça de Queiroz - a cosmopolitan dandy and a fervorous proponent of Realism, who was Camilo's literary contemporary in spite of being 20 years younger. In this "tension" between Camilo and Eça - often dubbed by critics "the literary guerilla" - many have interpreted a synthesis of the two great tendencies present in the Portuguese literature of the 19th century.

Biography

Camilo was born out of wedlock and orphaned in infancy. He spent his early years in a village in Trás-os-Montes, where he was educated at home by three unmarried aunts. At the age of 13, he enrolled at the catholic seminary of nearby Vila Real, where he was educated by catholic priests. During his teenage years, he fell in love with the poetry of Luís de Camões and Manuel Maria Barbosa de Bocage, while Fernão Mendes Pinto gave him a lust for adventure. In spite of this interest in literature, and of his remarkable abilities in Greek and Latin, Camilo was a distracted student and grew up to be undisciplined and proud.

From the age of 17 to his early 20's, he intermittently studied medicine and theology in Oporto and Coimbra and eventually chose to become a writer. After a spell of journalistic work in Oporto and Lisbon he proceeded to the episcopal seminary in Oporto in order to study for the priesthood. During this period Camilo wrote a number of religious works and translated the work of François-René de Chateaubriand. Camilo actually took minor holy orders, but his restless nature drew him away from the priesthood and he devoted himself to literature for the rest of his life. He was arrested twice; the first time for having unearthed the remains of his first wife (whom he had married at the age of 16, and who had died at 24) and the second due to his adulterous affair with Ana Plácido, who was married at the time.

His first period of incarceration was short, apparently thanks to the intervention of Teixeira de Queiroz, an influential judge and, coincidentally, father of the renowned José Maria Eça de Queiroz. During his second and longer incarceration he wrote what most consider to be his best and most characteristic work "Amor de Perdição". Later this phase of his life would also inspire him to write his "Memórias do Cárcere" (literally "Memories of Prison"), in which he describes the meanders of the then miserable and overcrowded prision of Relação, at the center of Oporto, intertwined with intimate ramblings of the imagination and biographical fragments.

Camilo was made a viscount (Visconde de Correia Botelho) in 1885 in recognition of his contributions to literature, and when his health deteriorated and he could no longer write, parliament gave him a pension for life. Going blind (because of syphilis) and suffering from chronic nervous disease, Castelo Branco committed suicide with a revolver in 1890, while sitting in his now-famous wooden rocking chair.

Works

Camilo Castelo Branco is probably the most prolific of all Portuguese writers, his work including novels, plays, verse, and essays. In addition, Camilo was the first Portuguese writer able to support himself financially from his writing alone. In all, his publications number about two hundred and sixty, but he is best known for his romances. Even though Camilo churned out a lot of work to pay the bills, he never lost his individuality. His familiarity with personalities allowed him to enliven his writing with a succession of memorable characters and Portuguese types, such as the "brasileiro" (a returned Portuguese emigrant who had made his fortune in Brazil), the old "Fidalgo" (nobleman) of the north of Portugal, and the Minho priest.

Camilo's novels may be divided into three periods. The first period comprises his romances of the imagination, of which "Os Mistérios de Lisboa", in the style of Victor Hugo, is a fair example.

The second period includes his novels of manners, a style he developed and remained the chief exponent of until the appearance of "O Crime de Padre Amaro" by Eça de Queiroz. In these novels he combines realism and idealism, and perfectly captures the domestic and social life of Portugal in the early part of the 19th century.

The third period embraces his writings in the realms of history, biography and literary criticism. Among these may be cited "Noites de Lamego", "Cousas leves e pesadas", "Cavar em ruínas", "Memórias do Bispo do Grão Pará" and "Boémia do Espírito".

Among the most notable of his romances are "O Romance de um Homem Rico", his favorite, "Retrato de Ricardina", "Amor de Perdição", the collection of novellas "Novelas do Minho" and "A Brasileira de Prazins". Many of his novels are autobiographical, like "Onde está a felicidade?" and "Memórias do Cárcere" and "Vinganca". Castelo Branco is an admirable story-teller, largely because he was a brilliant "improvisatore", but he does not attempt character study. He has a richness of vocabulary probably unmatched in all Portuguese literature, often using obscure words. At the same time, few Portuguese authors have demonstrated so profound a knowledge of the vernacular tongue. Though nature had endowed Camilo with a poetic temperament, his verses are considered to be mediocre, while his best plays are cast in bold lines and contain powerfully dramatic situations, and his comedies are a triumph of the grotesque, with a mordant tone reminiscent of the work of Gil Vicente.

Selected Bibliography

* "Anátema" (1851)
* "Mistérios de Lisboa" (1854)
* "A Filha do Arcediago" (1854)
* "Livro Negro de Padre Dinis" (1855)
* "A Neta do Arcediago" (1856)
* "Onde Está a Felicidade?" (1856) (English title: "Where Is Happiness?")
* "Um Homem de Brios" (1856)
* "Lágrimas Abençoadas" (1857)
* "Cenas da Foz" (1857)
* "Carlota Ângela" (1858)
* "Vingança" (1858)
* "O Que Fazem Mulheres" (1858) (English title: "What Women Do")
* "Doze Casamentos Felizes" (1861)
* "O Romance de um Homem Rico" (1861)
* "As Três Irmãs"
* "Amor de Perdição" (1862) (ISBN 0-85051-509-2) (English title: "Love of Perdition" (2000) - ISBN 0-943722-27-6)
* "Coisas Espantosas" (1862)
* "O Irônico" (1862)
* "Coração, Cabeça e Estômago" (1862)
* "Estrelas Funestas" (1862)
* "Anos de Prosa" (1858)
* "Aventuras de Basílio Fernandes Enxertado" (1863)
* "O Bem e o Mal" (1863)
* "Estrelas Propícias" (1863)
* "Memórias de Guilherme do Amaral" (1863)
* "Agulha em Palheiro" (1863)
* "Amor de Salvação" (1864)
* "A Filha do Doutor Negro" (1864)
* "Vinte Horas de Liteira" (1864)
* "O Esqueleto" (1865)
* "A Sereia" (1865)
* "A Enjeitada" (1866)
* "O Judeu" (1866)
* "O Olho de Vidro" (1866)
* "A Queda de um Anjo" (1866)
* "O Santo da Montanha" (1866)
* "A Bruxa do Monte Córdova" (1867)
* "Os Mistérios de Fafe" (1868)
* "A Caveira da Mártir" (1876)
* "Novelas do Minho" (1875-1877)
* "Eusébio Macário" (1879)
* "A Corja" (1880)
* "Luiz de Camões: Notas Biographicas (1880)
* "A Brasileira de Prazins" (1882) (English title: "The Brazilian Girl from Prazens")
* "D. Luiz de Portugal: Neto do Prior do Crato 1601-1660 (1883)

External links

*gutenberg author|name=Camilo Castelo Branco|id=Camilo_Castelo_Branco