DeAutremont Brothers

DeAutremont Brothers

In	Oregon
Founded by	Ray, Roy and Hugh DeAutremont
Years active	1923
Territory	Pacific Northwest
Membership	3
Criminal activities	Train robberies

The DeAutremont Brothers, Hugh DeAutremont (1905-1959), Roy (1900-June 1983) and Ray DeAutremont (1900-December 22, 1984), were a criminal gang based in Pacific Northwest during the 1920s. Their unsuccessful robbery of Southern Pacific Railroad express train and the murder of all three crew members, known as the Siskiyou massacre, was subject to one of the largest and most extensive investigations in the region. The brothers were eventually identified with the assistance of Dr. Edward Heinrich and were captured after a nationwide manhunt which lasted four years.^[1]

Biography

Twin brothers Ray and Roy d'Autremont were born 30 Mar 1900 in Iowa and their younger brother Hugh was born 21 Feb 1904 in Arkansas. They were the sons of Paul P. d'Autremont and Isabella Bertha Wombacher. Their father ran a barber shop in Eugene, Oregon and all three brothers worked as lumberjacks. Ray was involved in the emerging labor union movement and the Industrial Workers of the World during his youth. He was sent to a reformatory in Monroe, Washington in 1919 for his affiliation with the notorious Wobblies organization and spent nearly a year there.^[1]

When Hugh graduated from high school in New Mexico in June 1923, he joined his brothers in a logging camp near Silverton, Oregon. The three brothers worked in Silverton for four months until October 11 when they attempted to rob Southern Pacific Railroad Train No. 13 then traveling south through the Siskiyou Mountains. The express train was only a few miles from the Siskyou station when they boarded the train, waiting for the locomotive and first three cars to pass before jumping onto the car, and forced the engineer Arnold Bates to stop the train while most of the train was still inside the 3,000 fl. tunnel. The brothers were armed with sawed-off shotguns and while Roy watched the engineer, Ray and Hugh went ahead to the mail coach which was carrying an estimated $40,000. When postal clerk Elvyn Dougherty saw the two approach the mail car, he closed the door and Hugh fired his shotgun twice. Ray then attached a dynamite charge to the mail car's door and ran for cover with his brothers. Roy DeAutremont described what happened in a sworn statement years later,

“

Roy gave the detonator a push and the mouth of the tunnel was rocked by a tremendous explosion. It was far stronger than we had planned. In fact, the blast was so severe that the mail clerk was blown to bits. I then took the fireman and started back down the track to uncouple the mail car. But the gassy and smoky air was too thick so I called for the fireman. The fireman and engineer were then marched to the car. In a few seconds I saw someone coming with a red lantern from the passenger cars still in the tunnel. I shot at the man, who was a conductor, with my shotgun and at the same time Hugh shot him with his .45 Colt. The man staggered and I could see he was dying. Hugh walked over to him and shot him again, in cold blood. The engineer was put back into the cab and Hugh told him to pull the main car up ahead. He attempted to do this a number of times, but the engine wheels merely spun and the cars failed to move. Hugh then put the engineer back on the ground side next to the fireman while Ray and I looked the thing over to see what could be done about uncoupling the mail car and engine. But there was nothing we could do. So we walked back to the mail car and entered through the blown out front end. Our flashlights could not cut the steam and smoke so we left the mail car. Hugh in the meantime had ordered had ordered the engineer back into the cab. The fireman was standing alongside the engine with his arms in the air. Ray and I had a brief consultation as to what we should do. We decided to kill the fireman. Ray shot him twice with the Colt. Hugh had the engineer covered and I shouted at him to bump him off and then we would clear out. We didn't want any witnesses. Hugh quickly shot the man in the head with his shotgun. We then fled to our cache which was between two and three miles northeast of the south entrance of the tunnel.[1]

”

The brothers were then forced to flee empty handed while a second conductor ran to a nearby emergency phone and reported the robbery to authorities in Ashland. Police investigators later found a detonator and a discarded .45 caliber pistol at the scene along with three gunny sacks which had been soaked in creosote and dragged along the ground to throw bloodhounds off their trail. The search party fanned out from Tunnel 13 and discovered a black traveling bag with a railroad shipping tag and a pair of green overalls. Over a dozen suspects were jailed and questioned, but local authorities made little headway in solving the case.^[1]

Dr. Edward Heinrich, a chemistry professor at the University of California, was brought in and was able to use early forensic methods to accurately provide a description of the suspects for police. Upon examining the green overalls found by investigators, Heinrich reported that the suspect was a left-handed lumberjack, approximately 25 years old, with brown hair and fair complexion, was 58 in height and weighed 165 pounds, and was described as a man with fastidious habits. He further explained his findings were based on specific evidence gathered by his investigation of the overalls. Strands of hair had been found as well as the presence of Douglas fir needles and fresh pitch from pine trees. The overalls were worn only on its right side suggesting the same position a southpaw would take as if he were to lean against a tree while swinging an ax. In addition, the receipt for a registered letter was found in the pocket while police later traced to a $50 money order sent by Roy DeAutremont to his brother Hugh in Lakewood, New Mexico on September 14, 1923.^[1]

Investigators then questioned Paul d'Autremont who confirmed that all three sons were lumberjacks and that Roy was left-handed. The .45 Colt found at the crime scene was traced to a one William Elliott, whose handwriting matched also matched Roy DeAutremont, and the railroad express tags found on the suitcase revealed that Roy had mailed it to himself from Eugene to Portland on January 21 of that year. Although there was enough evidence to identify the DeAutremont brothers as the most likely suspects, apprehending them was another matter as all three had disappeared since the incident. The federal government offered a $6,000 reward for their capture with an additional $7,000 added by Southern Pacific and $900 from the Railway Express Company. News of the Siskiyou massacre had attracted national attention by this time and investigators received reports of numerous sightings, following every one of these new leads, but none of these panned out. The U.S. government eventually issued 2,265,000 wanted posters printed in English and five other languages which were then distributed internationally.^[1]

After several months with no new leads, investigators were on the verge of giving up. However, a Corporal Thomas Reynolds came forward in June 1923 and identified Hugh d'Autremont as James Price who had been an acquaintance of his while serving with the United States Army in the Philippines. He had only recently been stationed on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco, California when he recognized d'Autremont from a wanted poster and reported this to his superior officers. Hugh d'Autremont was arrested within six hours and, while admitting his true identity in custody, he was able to stall his extradition to the United States until March 1927. Once back in the United States, Hugh d'Autremont was tried and convicted of first degree murder.^[1]

Hugh d'Autremont denied knowledge of his brothers whereabouts but his capture encouraged federal authorities to redistribute new wanted posters. Within two months, a report was received that Ray and Roy DeAutremont had been seen in Portsmouth, Ohio and were discovered to living in nearby Steubenville under the assumed names of Clarence and Elmer Goodwin. They were arrested by FBI agents on June 8, 1927, and offered no resistance.^[1]

The twin brothers later claimed they had fled to Detroit after the robbery. Ray had married while in Detroit and moved to Hanging Rock with his brother following him several months later. They kept on the move, living in both Portsmouth and Steubenville, before they were recognized when the new wanted posters were issued. Ray's had previously bleached his hair but this failed to disguise him.^[1]

The two were quickly extradited to Jackson, Oregon where they stood trial for their role in the Siskiyou massacre. Their arrival coincided with Hugh's murder trial although this fact was withheld from the defendant. Hugh was convicted of first degree murder, although jurors recommended leniency, and Roy and Ray DeAutremont both pled guilty to the same charges. All three were sentenced to life imprisonment at the Oregon state prison in Salem, Oregon.^[1]

Hugh was paroled on November 24, 1958, prison authorities describing the convict as a testament of reformation, but died of cancer in February 1959. Roy DeAutremont was declared insane in 1960 and was transferred to the Oregon State Hospital where he eventually died. Ray was the last to be released when he was paroled on October 11, 1961, on the 38th anniversary of the Siskiyou massacre. He was questioned by reporters while leaving the prison, and when asked how it felt to be released, he replied "I'm trying to think of something to say. Well you can imagine how it feels, can't you? But one thing is for sure: For the rest of my life I will struggle with the question of whatever possessed us to do such a thing?"^[1]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Newton, Michael. The Encyclopedia of Robberies, Heists, and Capers. New York: Facts On File Inc., 2002. (pg. 78-79) ISBN 0-8160-4488-0