- Dardanelles Gun
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Dardanelles Gun 
Dismantled Dardanelles Gun at Fort NelsonType Bombard Service history Used by 
Ottoman EmpireWars Dardanelles Operation Production history Designer Munir Ali[1] Designed 1464[1] Specifications Weight 18.6 t[1] Barrel length 518 cm[1] Caliber 63 cm (ball diameter)[1] Elevation none Traverse none The Dardanelles Gun[2] (Şahi in Turkish) or Great Turkish Bombard[3] is a 15th century siege cannon, specifically a super-sized bombard, which saw action in the 1807 Dardanelles Operation.[4]
Contents
History
The Dardanelles Gun was cast in bronze in 1464 by Munir Ali with a weight of 18.6 t and a length of 518 cm, being capable of firing stone balls of up to 63 cm diameter.[1] The powder chamber and the barrel are connected by the way of a screw mechanism, allowing easier transport of the unwieldy device.
Such super-sized bombards had been employed in Western Europe siege warfare since the beginning of the 15th century,[5] and were introduced to the Ottoman army in 1453 by the Hungarian gunfounder Orban on the occasion of the Siege of Constantinople.[6] Ali's piece is assumed to have followed closely the outline of these guns.[6]
Along with a number of other huge cannons, the Dardanelles Gun was still present for duty more than 300 years later in 1807, when a Royal Navy force appeared and commenced the Dardanelles Operation. Turkish forces loaded the ancient relics with propellant and projectiles, then fired them at the British ships. The British squadron suffered 28 dead through this bombardment.[4]
In 1866, on the occasion of a state visit, Sultan Abdülâziz gave the Dardanelles Gun to Queen Victoria as a present.[6] It became a part of the Royal Armouries collection and was displayed to visitors at the Tower of London and was then moved to Fort Nelson at Portsmouth.[7]
See also
- List of the largest cannon by caliber
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f Schmidtchen (1977b), pp. 226–228
- ^ Ffoulkes (1930), pp. 217–227; Schmidtchen (1977b), pp. 226–228
- ^ http://www.ancientdigger.com/2009/12/turkish-bombard-ultimate-in-medieval.html
- ^ a b Schmidtchen (1977b), p. 228
- ^ Schmidtchen (1977a), pp. 153–157
- ^ a b c Schmidtchen (1977b), p. 226
- ^ "Geometry of War - Pg. 6" (PDF). http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/gem-projects/maa/Geometry_of_War.pdf.
Sources
- Ffoulkes, Charles, "The 'Dardanelles' Gun at the Tower", Antiquarian Journal, Vol. 10 (1930), pp. 217–227
- Schmidtchen, Volker (1977a), "Riesengeschütze des 15. Jahrhunderts. Technische Höchstleistungen ihrer Zeit", Technikgeschichte 44 (2): 153–173 (153–157)
- Schmidtchen, Volker (1977b), "Riesengeschütze des 15. Jahrhunderts. Technische Höchstleistungen ihrer Zeit", Technikgeschichte 44 (3): 213–237 (226–228)
External links
Categories:- Superguns
- Military equipment of the Ottoman Empire
- 630 mm artillery
- Dardanelles
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