Cyrtophora citricola

Cyrtophora citricola
C. citricola from Portugal
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Suborder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Araneidae
Genus:	Cyrtophora (Forskål, 1775)
Species:	C. citricola
Binomial name
Cyrtophora citricola
Synonyms
Aranea citricola Epeira opuntiae Epeira cacti-opuntiae Epeira citricola Epeira emarginata Epeira flava Epeira purpurea Epeira dorsuosa Cyrtophora sculptilis Cyrtophora opuntiae Epeira cajetana Araneus citricola Cyrtophora dorsuosa

Cyrtophora citricola, also known as the Tropica Tent-Web Spider, is an araneid spider that occurs in the warmer parts of Europe, Asia and Africa, but also Australia, Costa Rica, Hispaniola and Colombia. It can now also be found in other parts, such as Florida, where it was first found in 2000.

C. citricola web

C. citricola web detail

Although it is in the family commonly called Orb Web Spiders, this spider does not build orb webs. Their horizontal web forms a cone in the middle, with many support lines holding it. The web is not sticky, and spiral and radials are constructed from the same silk. Unless in orb webs, all cells in the web are rectangular.

C. citricola's color may vary greatly; whereas many sport a black and white pattern, others are brown, males sometimes appear black. The females resemble a piece of dead leaf, and will sometimes hide in debris that has fallen into the web. Body length in females normally reaches 10 mm, with males only 3 mm long. Many females can build their webs in close vicinity, and colonies with hundreds of individuals have been observed. Colonial C. citricola were found to catch the same amount of prey with smaller webs, compared to solitary specimens. Colonies often consist of the offspring of a single female, that do not disperse after hatching.

Adult males do not build webs and stop eating. They die shortly after mating. Females may live long enough to guard their young, but sometimes die before hatching occurs. The flattened, elliptical egg sacs are up to 20 mm long, with a bluish to greenish hue, and up to ten egg sacs can be produced by a female.

References

• Álvares, É.S.S. & De Maria, M. (2004). First record of Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål) in Brazil (Araneae, Araneidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 21(1):155-156 PDF doi:10.1590/S0101-81752004000100026
• Edwards, G.B. (2006): Cyrtophora citricola (Araneae: Araneidae), a Colonial Tentweb Orbweaver Established in Florida. Entomology Circular 411:. PDF
• Platnick, Norman I. (2009): The world spider catalog, version 10.0. American Museum of Natural History.

External links

• Pictures of C. citricola
• Pictures and information on C. citricola from Portugal