Henry Blackwood

Infobox Person
name = Sir Henry Blackwood, Bt



image_size = 150px
caption = Sir Henry Blackwood
birth_date = birth date|1770|12|28|mf=y
birth_place = Ballyliddy, County Down
death_date = death date and age|1832|12|17|1770|12|28|mf=y
death_place = Ballyliddy, County Down
occupation = Royal Navy Officer

Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Blackwood, 1st Baronet, GCH, KCB (December 28, 1770 – December 17, 1832), whose memorial is in the St. John's Church, Killyleagh, was a British sailor.

Blackwood was the fourth son of Sir John Blackwood, 2nd Baronet, of Ballyleidy, Co. Down, and of Dorcas Blackwood, 1st Baroness Dufferin and Claneboye. In April 1781 he entered the Royal Navy as a volunteer on board the frigate HMS "Artois", with Captain Macbride, and in her was present at the battle on the Dogger Bank.

He was promoted Lieutenant, [ 3 November 1790 ] Commander, [ 6 July 1794 ] and to the rank of Post captain [ 2 June 1795 ] then appointed to the frigate HMS "Brilliant", of 28 guns. Early in 1798 the "Brilliant" was sent out to join Admiral Waldegrave on the Newfoundland station; and on 26 July, whilst standing close in to the bay of Santa Cruz in quest of a French privateer, she was sighted and chased by two French frigates of the largest size. By admirable seamanship, promptitude, and courage, Blackwood succeeded in checking the pursuit and in escaping. His conduct at this critical time was deservedly commended.

Early in 1799 the Brilliant returned to England, and Blackwood was appointed to the frigate HMS "Penelope", of 36 guns, in which, after a few months of Channel service, he was sent out to the Mediterranean, and employed during the winter and following spring in the close blockade of Malta.

On the night of 30 March 1800 the "Guillaume Tell", of 80 guns, taking advantage of a southerly gale and intense darkness, weighed and ran out of the harbour. As she passed the "Penelope", Blackwood immediately followed, and, having the advantage of sailing, quickly came up with her: then — in the words of the log —

:'luffed under her stern, and gave him the larboard broadside, bore up under the larboard quarter and gave him the starboard broadside, receiving from him only his stern-chase guns. From this hour till daylight, finding that we could place ourselves on either quarter, the action continued in the foregoing manner, and with such success on our side that, when day broke, the "Guillaume Tell" was found in a most dismantled state.

At five o'clock the "Lion", of 64 guns, and some little time afterwards the "Foudroyant", of 80 guns, came up, and after a determined and gallant resistance the "Guillaume Tell" surrendered; but that she was brought to action at all was entirely due to the unparalleled brilliancy of the Penelope's action. Nelson wrote from Palermo (5 April 1800) to Blackwood himself: 'Is there a sympathy which ties men together in the bonds of friendship without having a personal knowledge of each other? If so (and I believe it was so to you), I was your friend and acquaintance before I saw you. Your conduct and character on the late glorious occasion stamps your fame beyond the reach of envy. It was like yourself; it was like the "Penelope". Thanks; and say everything kind for me to your brave officers and men'.

In April 1803 Blackwood was appointed to the "Euryalus", of 36 guns. During the next two years he was employed on the coast of Ireland or in the Channel, and in July 1805 was sent to watch the movements of the allied fleet under Villeneuve after its defeat by Sir Robert Calder. On his return with the news that Villeneuve had gone to Cadiz, he stopped on his way to London to see Nelson, who went with him to the Admiralty, and received his final instructions to resume the command of the fleet without delay. Blackwood, in the "Euryalus", accompanied him to Cadiz, and was appointed to the command of the inshore squadron, with the duty of keeping the admiral informed of every movement of the enemy. He was offered a line-of-battle ship, but preferred to remain in the "Euryalus", believing that he would have more opportunity of distinction; for Villeneuve, he was convinced, would not venture out in the presence of Nelson. When he saw the combined fleets outside, Blackwood could not but regret his decision. On the morning of Trafalgar, 21 Oct., in writing to his wife, he added: 'My signal just made on board the "Victory" — I hope to order me into a vacant line-of-battle ship.' This signal was made at six o'clock, and from that time till after noon, when the shot were already flying thickly over the "Victory", Blackwood remained on board, receiving the admiral's last instructions, and, together with Captain Hardy, witnessing the so shamefully disregarded codicil to the admiral's will. He was then ordered to return to his ship. 'God bless you, Blackwood,' said Nelson, shaking him by the hand; 'I shall never speak to you again.' 'He' (and it was Blackwood himself that wrote it) 'not only gave me the command of all the frigates, for the purpose of assisting disabled ships, but he also gave me a latitude seldom or ever given, that of making any use I pleased of his name in ordering any of the stern most line-of-battle ships to do what struck me as best'. Immediately after the battle Collingwood hoisted his flag on board the "Euryalus", but after ten days removed it to the "Queen", and the "Euryalus" was sent home with despatches and with the captured French admiral, Pierre-Charles de Villeneuve. Blackwood landed at Falmouth and was one of the first messengers to use the Trafalgar Way to deliver his dispatches to the Admiralty in London. He was thus in England at the time of Lord Nelson's funeral (8 Jan. 1806), on which occasion he acted as train-bearer of the chief mourner, Sir Peter Parker, the aged admiral of the fleet.

On 4 June 1814 Blackwood attained the rank of rear-admiral, and in September he was created Blackwood Baronet, "of the Navy". In August 1819 he was made a Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath, and appointed commander-in-chief in the East Indies, from which station he returned in December 1822. He became vice-admiral in May 1825, and from 1827 to 1830 he commanded in chief at the Nore; and still in the full vigour of life he died after a short illness, differently stated as typhus or scarlet fever, on December 17 1832, at Ballyleidy, the seat of his eldest brother, Lord Dufferin and Clanboye.

Blackwood was married three times, and left a large family.

Blackwood River, Western Australia, is named in his honour; it was named by Captain (later Admiral Sir) James Stirling, who served under Blackwood as a youth from 1808 to 1810.

Further reading

*"The Trafalgar Captains", Colin White and the 1805 Club, Chatham Publishing, London, 2005, ISBN 1-86176-247-X

References

External links

*" [http://www.aboutnelson.co.uk/13blackwood.htm Sir Henry Blackwood] ." From [http://www.aboutnelson.co.uk/ Admiral Lord Nelson site] . Accessed on October 18, 2005.
* [http://www.nmm.ac.uk/searchbin/searchs.pl?flashy=et1740z&flash=true Animation of the Battle of Trafalgar]