Christianity in Haiti

Haiti saw the introduction of Christianity when Europeans arrived to colonize the island. It was first introduced by the Spanish, later followed by French colonialists. The primary brand of Christianity was Catholicism, and this has intermingled with the religions of other peoples, particularly African derived religions introduced by slaves from West Africa. In recent years, some Protestant denominations have made an increased number of converts in Haiti, continuing early work done by a small number of Protestant missions since the independence of the island.

Overview

The island of Haiti was first colonized by the Spanish, who later abandoned the island's western portion. That region came under French influence after 1630, and was formally recognized as the French colony of Saint-Domingue in 1697. Under French rule, Roman Catholicism was the sole legal religion, though African slaves frequently practiced voodoo. Slaves revolted in 1791 and managed to achieve independence in 1804. Three years later Protestant missionary activity begun. Political control of the island shifted frequently during the 19th century with different European governments, the Dominican republic, Columbia and Haiti itself alternating in power.^[1]

Ecumenical relations

Protestant churches and sects have frequently attempted to so-ordinate their activities through organisations like the Council Churches in Haiti and the Protestant Federation. The Roman Catholic Church later participated in the Ecumenical Research group of 1968. The practice of voodoo is strong in Haiti and some voodoo practitioners advocate being included in any ecumenical gatherings.

History of the development of Christianity in Haiti

The Spanish first brought Catholicism to the island. The first European to set foot on Haiti, Christopher Columbus]] landed on December 6, 1492, by way of San Salvador, with three ships. His own ship, the Santa Maria ran aground near Mole St. Nicolas on the northwest of the island. Some evangelization efforts were extended to the natives, though this population was soon nearly wiped out through disease and slavery. African slaves, brought to work in their place, were introduced to Christianity.

During Spanish rule, religion was one of the most important aspects of life on the island. Catholic missionaries traveled inland and spread Christianity to most of the island inhabitants. In 1511, three bishoprics formed and the inhabitants appeared entheusiastic. However, missionary work among such impoverished people and on an tropical and was challenging. Diseases such as 'yellow fever' and malaria killed many missionaries and their converts.^[2]

Under French rule, Capuchins and Jesuits did most of the missionary work in the 18th century. From 1804, when independence was declared, until 1860, the country was in schism. Relations were regularized by a concordat concluded in 1860, when an archdiocese and four dioceses were established. Most of the population of Haiti adheres to the Catholic faith, though some combine this with elements of voodoo.

Protestantism was introduced to the newly independent nation in 1807, and missionary efforts have been ongoing ever since. Today, approximately 15% of the Christians in Haiti are Protestant evangelicals.

Christian festivals in Haiti

Rara is the yearly festival in Haiti that the peasants and urban poor celebrate. On the eve of Lent, Rara processions build for six weeks until Easter week starts. Processions include walking for miles through local territory, performing new and traditional songs, and attracting fans. The belief in this celebration is that they are conducting the spiritual work that becomes necessary when the angels and saints along with Jesus, disappear into the Underworld on Good Friday.^[3]

First broadcast of church radio in Haiti

Protestant was the first church allowing broadcast programs in 1950, for up to three hours from Monday to Saturday. The first broadcast was done in the backroom of a church. The two programs were Radio 4VEH and Radio Lumiere. The first test transmission was given in the Central American country of Haiti. The transmission emitted a message stating "4VEH, you are coming in clear and strong". It was the first transmission for the radio 4VEH. Later, the Christian radio station became known to people all over the world, and then the first transmission in Spanish from this station was announced in the year of 1952. Following that, they started doing the broadcasts in my other different languages such as French, English and etc... In 1978, a Catholic Station, Radio Soleil, began functioning. Today there are music and programmes in French and English for 17 hours a day.^[4][5]

Protestantism in Haiti

Protestants in Haiti are a minority of about 16% of the population. They number about a million overall. Protestant churches of numerical strength are Assemblées de Dieu, the Convention Baptiste d'Haïti, the Seventh-day Adventists, the Church of God (Cleveland), the Church of the Nazarene and the Mission Evangelique Baptiste du Sud-Haiti.

See also

• Christian-Voodoo relations

References

1. ^ Barrett, David, World Christian Encyclopedia, a comparative study of churches and religions in the modern world ,1982, Oxford University Press
2. ^ Moraeu de Saint-Mery [1797] 1958, 1:83
3. ^ McAlister, Elizabeth A, Rara! Vodou, power, and performance in Haiti and its diaspora : Berkeley University of California Press
4. ^ 1.http://www.christianradio.org.uk/world/haiti/4veh/4veh-history.htm
5. ^ 1. Hill, Chapel, and London. The Faces of the Gods. 1st ed. North Caroline: The University of North Carolina Press, 1992. Pg 348