Charantin

Charantin is a chemical substance obtained from the Asian bitter melon (Momordica charantia), reputed to be responsible for the hypoglycaemic properties of those plants. It was identified by Lolitkar and Rao in 1960.^[1][2] It was also found in the similar African species M. foetida, by A. Olaniyi in 1975, under the name foetidin.^[3]

Charantin is actually a 1:1 mixture of two steroidal saponins, β-sitosteryl glucoside (C₃₅H₆₀O₆) and 5,25-stigmasteryl glucoside (C₃₅H₅₈O₆).^[3] It is a whitish crystalline substance, neutral and tasteless, melting at 266–268°C. It is sparingly soluble in water^[1] or other highly polar solvents, as well as in apolar solvents like hexane, but is soluble in ether, ethanol and methanol, and can be efficiently extracted from the plant by pressurized ethanol or acetone at 100°C.^[4]

The name charantin has also been used by A. Parkash and other for a different compound, a peptide with molecular mass 9.7 kDa, also isolated from bitter melon seeds.^[5]

See also

• momordicoside
• charantoside
• goyaglycoside
• karaviloside
• napin, another 7.8 kDa peptide isolated from bitter melon seeds.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} M. M. Lolitkar and M. R. Rajarama Rao (1962), Note on a Hypoglycaemic Principle Isolated from the fruits of Momordica charantia. Journal of the University of Bombay, volume 29, pages 223-224
2. ^ A. Raman and C. Lau (1996), Anti-Diabetic Properties and Phytochemistry of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae). Phytomedicine, volume 2, pages 349-362.
3. ^ ^{a b} A. A. Olaniyi (1975), A Neutral Constituent of Momordica foetida. Lloydia, volume 38, issue 4, pages 361-362. School of Pharmacy, University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria PubMed
4. ^ Jesada Pitipanapong, Sutawadee Chitprasert, Motonobu Goto, Weena Jiratchariyakul, Mitsuru Sasaki, and Artiwan Shotipruk (2007) New approach for extraction of charantin from Momordica charantia with pressurized liquid extraction. Separation and Purification Technology volume 52, issue 3, January , Pages 416-422 doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2005.11.037
5. ^ A. Parkash, T. B. Ng, W. W. Tso (2002), Purification and characterization of charantin, a napin-like ribosome-inactivating peptide from bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) seeds.. Journal of Peptide Research, volume 59, issue 5, pages 197–202. PubMed