- Lord Chancellor of France
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In France, under the Old Regime, the Great Officer of State responsible for the judiciary was the Lord Chancellor of France. The Lord Chancellor was responsible for seeing that royal decrees were enrolled and registered by the sundry Parlements of the Realm. However, since the Lord Chancellor was appointed for life, and might fall from favour, or be too ill to carry out his duties, his duties would occasionally fall to his deputy, the Lord Keeper of the Seals of France. The last Chancellor died in 1790, by which time the French Revolution was well underway, and the position was left vacant. Instead, in 1791, the Chancellor's portfolio and responsibilities were assigned to the Keeper of the Seals who was accordingly given the additional title of Minister of Justice under the Revolutionary government. The modern Minister of Justice is ceremonially known by both titles.
Contents
Lord Chancellors of France until 1699
- 497 : Rémi de Reims, known as Saint Rémi (référendaire)
- 561 : Siggo, référendaire to Sigebert I, then to Chilperic I and to Childebert II
- 618 : Romain de Rouen, known as Saint Romain, bishop of Rouen
- : Ansbert, bishop of Rouen, référendaire to Clotaire II
- 638 657: Dadon, known as Saint Ouen, grand référendaire to Dagobert I and also to Clovis II.
- : Saint Bonit, bishop of Auvergne, référendaire to Sigebert III, king of Austrasia
- : Robert, référendaire to Clotaire III
- 750? : Fulrard, chancellor to Pepin the Short
- 796 - 800: Alcuin, chancellor to Charlemagne as king of the Franks, prepared the Capitulaire De Villis
- 800 - 819: Fridgise, chancellor to Charlemagne, then to Louis the Pious
- 819 - 832: Adalard, chancellor to Louis the Pious
- 989 - 991 : Renaud de Vendôme, bishop of Paris
- 991 - 998 : Gerbert d'Aurillac, later Pope Sylvester II
- 998 - 1005 : Roger de Blois
- 1005 - 1015 : Francon
- 1018 : Arnoul, archbishop of Tours
- 1030 - c.1059 : Baldwin
- 1059 - 1067 : Gervais de Château-du-Loir, bishop of Le Mans
- 1067 - 1073 : Pierre de Loiselève
- 1073 : Guillaume
- 1074 - 1080 : Roger II, bishop of Beauvais
- 1074 - 1085 : Geoffroy de Boulogne, bishop of Paris
- 1085 - 1090 : Gilbert
- 1090 : Ourson or Ursion, bishop of Senlis
- 1091 - 1092 : Hubert, bishop of Senlis
- 1094 - 1106 : Gilbert
- 1106 - 1118 : Étienne de Senlis, bishop of Paris
- 1118 - 1127 : Étienne de Garlande
- 1127 - 1132 : Simon
- 1132 - 1137 : Étienne de Garlande
- 1137 - 1140 : Algrin
- 1140 : Noël, abbot of Rebais
- 1140 - 1147 : Cadurc
- 1147 - 1149 : Barthélemy
- 1150 : Simon
- 1150 - 1172 : Hugues de Champfleury, bishop of Soissons
- 1179 - 1185 : Hugues du Puiset
- 1203 - 1227 : Guérin, monk and bishop of Senlis
- 1227 - 1231 : Philippe d'Antogny
- 1231 - 1236 : Aubry Cornu
- 1236 - 1244 : Jean de la Cour
- 1244 - 1249 : Nicolas Le Chien,
- 1249 - 1252 : Gilles, archbishop of Tyros
- 1252 - 1259 : Raoul de Grosparmy
- avant 1260 : Guy Faucoi, later Pope Clement IV
- 1259 - 1261 : Simon de Brie, later Pope Martin IV
- 1262 - 1270 : Philippe de Cahors, prior of Saint-Frambaud de Senlis
- 1270 : Guillaume de Rampillon, archdeacon of Paris
- 1270 : Guillaume de Chartres, Dominican monk
- 1271 - 1273 : Pierre Barbet
- 1273 - 1282 : Henri de Vézélay
- 1282 - 1290 : Pierre Chalon
- 1291 - 1292 : Jean de Vassoigne
- 1293 - 1296 : Guillaume de Crépy
- 1296 - 1297 : Thibaut de Pouancé, bishop of Dol
- 1297 - 1302 : Pierre Flote, knight
- 1302 - 1304 : Étienne de Suizy
- 1304 - 1306 : Pierre de Mornay, bishop of Auxerre
- 1306 : Pierre de Grez
- 1306 - 1307 : Pierre de Belleperche, bishop of Auxerre
- 1307 - 1310 : Guillaume de Nogaret, knight
- 1310 - 1311 : Gilles Aycelin de Montaigu, archbishop of Narbonne
- 1311 - 1313 : Guillaume de Nogaret
- 1313 - 1314 : Pierre de Latilly, bishop of Châlons
- 1314 - 1316 : Étienne de Mornay
- 1316 : Pierre d'Arabloy
- 1317 - 1321 : Pierre de Chappes
- 1320 - 1321 : Jean de Cherchemont
- 1321 - 1323 : Pierre Rodier
- 1323 - 1328 : Jean de Cherchemont
- 1328 - 1329 : Mathieu Ferrand
- 1329 : Jean de Marigny, bishop of Beauvais
- 1329 - 1334 : Guillaume de Saint-Maure
- 1334 : Roger, bishop of Arras, later pope Clement VI
- 1335 - 1338 : Guy Baudet, bishop of Langres
- 1338 - 1339 : Étienne de Vissac, knight
- 1339 - 1347 : Guillaume Flote
- 1347 - 1349 : Firmin de Coquerel, bishop of Noyon
- 1349 - 1357 : Pierre de la Forest, archbishop of Rouen
- 1357 - 1358 : Gilles Aycelin de Montaigut, bishop of Thérouanne
- 1357 - 1359 : Foulques Bardoul, bishop of Avranches
- 1358 : Jean de Dormans, bishop of Lisieux
- 1359 - 1361 : Pierre de la Forest, cardinal, archbishop of Rouen
- 1361 : Gilles Aycelin de Montaigut, bishop of Thérouanne
- 18 September 1361 - 1372 : Jean de Dormans, bishop of Lisieux
- 1372 - 1373 : Guillaume de Dormans
- 1373 : Jean de Dormans,
- 20 November 1373 - 1380 : Pierre d'Orgemont (First President of the Parlement de Paris)[1]
- October 1380 - 1383 : Miles de Dormans, bishop of Beauvais
- 1383 - décembre 1388 : Pierre de Giac
- décembre 1388 - 1398 : Arnaud de Corbie
- 1398 - 1400 : Nicolas du Bosc, bishop of Bayeux
- 1400 - 1405 : Arnaud de Corbie
- 1405 - 1413 : Jean de Montagu, archbishop of Sens
- 1409 - 8 August 1413 : Arnaud de Corbie
- 1413 : Eustache de Laistre
- août 1413 - 29 May 1418 : Henri de Marle (-1418)
- 1418 : Robert le Maçon
- 1418 - 1420 : Eustache de Laistre
- 1419 - 1421 : Robert le Maçon
- 1420 - 1424 : Jean Le Clerc, Burgundian party. Chancellor for Henry VI position as king of France.
- 1421 - 1425 : Martin Gouge, bishop of Clermont, Charles VII's faction
- 1424 - 1435 : Louis de Luxembourg, bishop of Thérouanne, Burgundian party
- 1425 - 1445 : Renault de Chartres, archbishop of Reims, Charles VII's factions
- 1445 - 1461 : Guillaume Jouvenel des Ursins
- 1461 - 1465 : Pierre de Morvilliers
- 1465 - 1472 : Guillaume Jouvenel des Ursins
- 1472 - 1483 : Pierre Doriole
- 1483 - 12 August 1492 : Guillaume de Rochefort
- 1492 - November 1494 : Adam Fumée
- August 1495 - 1497 : Robert Briçonnet, archbishop of Reims
- 1497 - 1507/1508 : Guy de Rochefort
- 1508 - 1512 : Jean de Ganay
- 1515 - 1535 : Antoine Duprat, cardinal, archishop of Sens and bishop of Albi.
- 1535 - 1538 : Antoine du Bourg
- 1538 - 1545 : Guillaume Poyet
- 1545 - 1560 : François Olivier
- 1560 - 1568 : Michel de l'Hospital
- 1568 - 1571 : Jean de Morvilliers, bishop of Orléans
- 1573 - 1583 : René de Birague, cardinal
- 1583 - 1599 : Philippe Hurault, comte de Cheverny
- 2 August 1599 - 9 September 1607 : Pomponne de Bellièvre
- 10 September 1607 - 1 October 1624 : Nicolas Brûlart de Sillery
- 3 October 1624 - 11 December 1635 : Étienne Ier d'Aligre
- 19 December 1635 - 28 January 1672 : Pierre Séguier
- 8 January 1674 - 28 October 1677 : Étienne II d'Aligre
- 29 October 1677 - 30 October 1685 : Michel Le Tellier
- 1 November 1685 - 2 September 1699 : Louis Boucherat, Count of Compans
Chancellors of France
Chancellor Began Ended Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain 5 September 1699 1 July 1714 Daniel Voysin de La Noiraye 2 July 1714 2 February 1717 Henri François d'Aguesseau 3 February 1717 27 October 1750 Guillaume de Lamoignon de Blancmesnil 10 December 1750 14 September 1768 René Nicolas de Maupeou 16 September 1768 1 July 1790 Keepers of the Seals, 1699-1790
Keeper of the Seals Began Ended Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain 5 September 1699 1 July 1714 Daniel Voysin de La Noiraye 2 July 1714 2 February 1717 Henri François d'Aguesseau 3 February 1717 28 January 1718 Marc René de Voyer de Paulmy, marquis d'Argenson 28 January 1718 7 June 1720 Henri François d'Aguesseau 8 June 1720 28 February 1722 Joseph Jean Baptiste Fleuriau d'Armenonville 28 February 1722 17 August 1727 Germain Louis Chauvelin 23 August 1727 20 February 1737 Henri François d'Aguesseau 20 February 1737 27 November 1750 Jean-Baptiste de Machault d'Arnouville 27 November 1750 1 February 1757 vacant 1 February 1757 13 October 1761 Nicolas René Berryer 13 October 1761 15 September 1762 Paul Esprit Feydeau de Brou 27 September 1762 3 October 1763 René Charles de Maupeou 3 October 1763 18 September 1768 René Nicolas de Maupeou 18 September 1768 24 August 1774 Armand Thomas Hue de Miromesnil 24 August 1774 8 April 1787 Chrétien François de Lamoignon de Basville 8 April 1787 14 September 1788 Charles Louis François de Paule de Barentin 17 September 1788 3 August 1789 Jérôme Champion de Cicé 4 August 1789 21 November 1790 Ministers of Justice, 1790-1944
Minister Began Ended Marguerite-Louis-François Duport-Dutertre 21 November 1790 23 March 1792 Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière 23 March 1792 14 April 1792 Antoine Duranthon 14 April 1792 4 July 1792 Étienne Louis Hector Dejoly 4 July 1792 10 August 1792 Georges Danton 10 August 1792 9 October 1792 Dominique Joseph Garat 9 October 1792 20 March 1793 Louis Jérôme Gohier 20 March 1793 20 April 1794 none 20 April 1794 3 November 1795 Philippe Antoine Merlin de Douai 3 November 1795 5 January 1796 Charles François Jean Joseph Victor Génissieu 5 January 1796 4 April 1796 Philippe Antoine Merlin de Douai 4 April 1796 24 September 1797 Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts 24 September 1797 20 July 1799 Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès 20 July 1799 25 December 1799 André Joseph Abrial 25 December 1799 14 September 1802 Claude Régnier, duc de Massa 14 September 1802 20 November 1813 Louis-Mathieu Molé 20 November 1813 1 April 1814 Pierre Paul Nicolas, baron Henrion de Pansey 3 April 1814 13 May 1814 Charles, chevalier Dambray 13 May 1814 20 March 1815 Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès, duc de Parme 20 March 1815 22 June 1815 Antoine, comte Boulay de la Meurthe 22 June 1815 7 July 1815 Étienne Denis, baron Pasquier 9 July 1815 26 September 1815 François, comte de Barbé-Marbois 26 September 1815 7 May 1816 Charles, chevalier Dambray 7 May 1816 19 January 1817 Étienne Denis, baron Pasquier 19 January 1817 29 December 1818 Pierre François Hercule, comte de Serre 29 December 1818 14 December 1821 Charles Ignace, comte de Peyronnet 14 December 1821 4 January 1828 Joseph Marie, comte Portalis 4 January 1828 14 May 1829 Pierre Alpinien Bertrand Bourdeau 14 May 1829 8 August 1829 Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier 8 August 1829 19 May 1830 Jean de Chantelauze 19 May 1830 31 July 1830 Jacques Charles Dupont de l'Eure 31 July 1830 27 December 1830 Joseph Mérilhou 27 December 1830 13 March 1831 Félix Barthe 13 March 1831 4 April 1834 Jean Persil 4 April 1834 22 February 1836 Paul Sauzet 22 February 1836 6 September 1836 Jean Persil 6 September 1836 15 April 1837 Félix Barthe 15 April 1837 31 March 1839 Louis Gaspard Amédée, baron Girod de l'Ain 31 March 1839 12 May 1839 Jean-Baptiste Teste 12 May 1839 1 March 1840 Alexandre François Vivien 1 March 1840 29 October 1840 Nicolas Martin du Nord 29 October 1840 12 March 1847 Michel Pierre Alexis Hébert 14 March 1847 24 February 1848 Adolphe Crémieux 24 February 1848 7 June 1848 Eugène Bethmont 7 June 1848 17 July 1848 Alexandre Marie 17 July 1848 20 December 1848 Eugène Rouher 20 December 1848 26 October 1851 Joseph Corbin 26 October 1851 1 November 1851 Alfred Daviel 1 November 1851 3 December 1851 Eugène Rouher 3 December 1851 22 January 1852 Jacques Abbatucci 22 January 1852 11 November 1857 Paul de Royer 11 November 1857 5 May 1859 Claude Alphonse Delangle 5 May 1859 23 June 1863 Jules Baroche 23 June 1863 17 July 1869 Jean-Baptiste Duvergier 17 July 1869 2 January 1870 Émile Ollivier 2 January 1870 10 August 1870 Michel Grandperret 10 August 1870 4 September 1870 Adolphe Crémieux 4 September 1870 19 February 1871 Jules Dufaure 19 February 1871 25 May 1873 Jean Ernoul 25 May 1873 26 November 1873 Octave Depeyre 26 November 1873 22 May 1874 Adrien Tailhand 22 May 1874 10 March 1875 Jules Dufaure 10 March 1875 12 December 1876 Louis Martel 12 December 1876 17 May 1877 Albert, duc de Broglie 17 May 1877 23 November 1877 François Le Pelletier 23 November 1877 13 December 1877 Jules Dufaure 13 December 1877 4 February 1879 Philippe Le Royer 4 February 1879 28 December 1879 Jules Cazot 28 December 1879 30 January 1882 Gustave Humbert 30 January 1882 7 August 1882 Paul Devès 7 August 1882 21 February 1883 Félix Martin-Feuillée 21 February 1883 6 April 1885 Henri Brisson 6 April 1885 7 January 1886 Charles Demôle 7 January 1886 11 December 1886 Ferdinand Sarrien 11 December 1886 30 May 1887 Charles Mazeau 30 May 1887 30 November 1887 Armand Fallières 30 November 1887 3 April 1888 Jean-Baptiste Ferrouillat 3 April 1888 5 February 1889 Edmond Guyot-Dessaigne 5 February 1889 22 February 1889 François Thévenet 22 February 1889 17 March 1890 Armand Fallières 17 March 1890 27 February 1892 Louis Ricard 27 February 1892 6 December 1892 Léon Bourgeois 6 December 1892 12 March 1893 Jules Develle 12 March 1893 13 March 1893 Léon Bourgeois 13 March 1893 4 April 1893 Eugène Guérin 4 April 1893 3 December 1893 Antonin Dubost 3 December 1893 30 May 1894 Eugène Guérin 30 May 1894 26 January 1895 Ludovic Trarieux 26 January 1895 1 November 1895 Louis Ricard 1 November 1895 29 April 1896 Jean-Baptiste Darlan 29 April 1896 2 December 1897 Victor Milliard 2 December 1897 28 June 1898 Ferdinand Sarrien 28 June 1898 1 November 1898 Georges Lebret 1 November 1898 22 June 1899 Ernest Monis 22 June 1899 7 June 1902 Ernest Vallé 7 June 1902 24 January 1905 Joseph Chaumié 24 January 1905 14 March 1906 Ferdinand Sarrien 14 March 1906 25 October 1906 Edmond Guyot-Dessaigne 25 October 1906 31 December 1907 Aristide Briand 4 January 1908 24 July 1909 Louis Barthou 24 July 1909 3 November 1910 Théodore Girard 3 November 1910 2 March 1911 Antoine Perrier 2 March 1911 27 June 1911 Jean Cruppi 27 June 1911 14 January 1912 Aristide Briand 14 January 1912 21 January 1913 Louis Barthou 21 January 1913 22 March 1913 Antony Ratier 22 March 1913 9 December 1913 Jean-Baptiste Bienvenu-Martin 9 December 1913 9 June 1914 Alexandre Ribot 9 June 1914 13 June 1914 Jean-Baptiste Bienvenu-Martin 13 June 1914 26 August 1914 Aristide Briand 26 August 1914 29 October 1915 René Viviani 29 October 1915 12 September 1917 Raoul Péret 12 September 1917 16 November 1917 Louis Nail 16 November 1917 20 January 1920 Gustave L'Hopiteau 20 January 1920 16 January 1921 Laurent Bonnevay 16 January 1921 15 January 1922 Louis Barthou 15 January 1922 5 October 1922 Maurice Colrat 5 October 1922 29 March 1924 Edmond Lefebvre du Prey 29 March 1924 9 June 1924 Antony Ratier 9 June 1924 14 June 1924 René Renoult 14 June 1924 17 April 1925 Théodore Steeg 17 April 1925 11 October 1925 Anatole de Monzie 11 October 1925 29 October 1925 Camille Chautemps 29 October 1925 28 November 1925 René Renoult 28 November 1925 9 March 1926 Pierre Laval 9 March 1926 19 July 1926 Maurice Colrat 19 July 1926 23 July 1926 Louis Barthou 23 July 1926 3 November 1929 Lucien Hubert 3 November 1929 21 February 1930 Théodore Steeg 21 February 1930 2 March 1930 Raoul Péret 2 March 1930 17 November 1930 Henry Chéron 17 November 1930 27 January 1931 Léon Bérard 27 January 1931 20 February 1932 Paul Reynaud 20 February 1932 3 June 1932 René Renoult 3 June 1932 18 December 1932 Abel Gardey 18 December 1932 31 January 1933 Eugène Penancier 31 January 1933 26 October 1933 Albert Dalimier 26 October 1933 26 November 1933 Eugène Raynaldy 26 November 1933 27 January 1934 Eugène Penancier 27 January 1934 9 February 1934 Henry Chéron 9 February 1934 15 October 1934 Henry Lémery 15 October 1934 8 November 1934 Georges Pernot 8 November 1934 7 June 1935 Léon Bérard 7 June 1935 4 June 1936 Marc Rucart 4 June 1936 22 June 1937 Vincent Auriol 22 June 1937 18 January 1938 César Campinchi 18 January 1938 13 March 1938 Marc Rucart 13 March 1938 10 April 1938 Paul Reynaud 10 April 1938 1 November 1938 Paul Marchandeau 1 November 1938 13 September 1939 Georges Bonnet 13 September 1939 21 March 1940 Albert Sérol 21 March 1940 16 June 1940 Charles Frémicourt 16 June 1940 12 July 1940 Raphaël Alibert 12 July 1940 27 January 1941 Joseph Barthélemy 27 January 1941 26 March 1943 Maurice Gabolde 26 March 1943 20 August 1944 Free French Commissioners for Justice, 1941-1944
Commissioner Began Ended René Cassin 24 September 1941 7 June 1943 Jules Abadie 7 June 1943 4 September 1943 François de Menthon 4 September 1943 10 September 1944 Ministers of Justice, 1944-present
Minister Began Ended François de Menthon 10 September 1944 30 May 1945 Pierre-Henri Teitgen 30 May 1945 18 December 1946 Paul Ramadier 18 December 1946 22 January 1947 André Marie 22 January 1947 26 July 1948 Robert Lecourt 26 July 1948 11 September 1948 André Marie 11 September 1948 13 February 1949 Robert Lecourt 13 February 1949 28 October 1949 René Mayer 28 October 1949 11 August 1951 Edgar Faure 11 August 1951 20 January 1952 Léon Martinaud-Deplat 20 January 1952 28 June 1953 Paul Ribeyre 28 June 1953 19 June 1954 Émile Hugues 19 June 1954 3 September 1954 Jean-Michel Guérin de Beaumont 3 September 1954 20 January 1955 Emmanuel Temple 20 January 1955 23 February 1955 Robert Schuman 23 February 1955 1 February 1956 François Mitterrand 1 February 1956 13 June 1957 Édouard Corniglion-Molinier 13 June 1957 6 November 1957 Robert Lecourt 6 November 1957 1 June 1958 Michel Debré 1 June 1958 8 January 1959 Edmond Michelet 8 January 1959 24 August 1961 Bernard Chenot 24 August 1961 15 April 1962 Jean Foyer 15 April 1962 6 April 1967 Louis Joxe 6 April 1967 30 May 1968 René Capitant 30 May 1968 28 April 1969 Jean-Marcel Jeanneney 28 April 1969 22 June 1969 René Pleven 22 June 1969 16 March 1973 Pierre Messmer 16 March 1973 6 April 1973 Jean Taittinger 6 April 1973 28 May 1974 Jean Lecanuet 28 May 1974 27 August 1976 Olivier Guichard 27 August 1976 30 March 1977 Alain Peyrefitte 30 March 1977 22 May 1981 Maurice Faure 22 May 1981 23 June 1981 Robert Badinter 23 June 1981 19 February 1986 Michel Crépeau 19 February 1986 20 March 1986 Albin Chalandon 20 March 1986 12 May 1988 Pierre Arpaillange 12 May 1988 2 October 1990 Henri Nallet 2 October 1990 2 April 1992 Michel Vauzelle 2 April 1992 29 March 1993 Pierre Méhaignerie 29 March 1993 18 May 1995 Jacques Toubon 18 May 1995 4 June 1997 Elisabeth Guigou 4 June 1997 18 October 2000 Marylise Lebranchu 18 October 2000 7 May 2002 Dominique Perben 7 May 2002 2 June 2005 Pascal Clément 2 June 2005 18 May 2007 Rachida Dati 18 May 2007 23 June 2009 Michèle Alliot-Marie 23 June 2009 14 November 2010 Michel Mercier 14 November 2010 present Notes
- ^ The only chancellor to have been elected by an assembly gathered by Charles V.
Categories:- Lists of government ministers of France
- Judicial system of France
- French Ministers of Justice
- Chancellors of France
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