Chain Lightning (film)

Chain Lightning
Original theatrical poster of Chain Lightning
Directed by	Stuart Heisler
Produced by	Anthony Veiller
Written by	Lester Cole (from story "These Many Years") Liam O'Brien (screenplay) and Vincent B. Evans (screenplay)
Starring	Humphrey Bogart Eleanor Parker Raymond Massey
Music by	David Buttolph
Cinematography	Ernest Haller
Editing by	Thomas Reilly
Distributed by	Warner Bros. Pictures
Release date(s)	February 18, 1950 (US)
Running time	94 minutes 90 minutes (Germany)
Country	United States
Language	English Multiple translations

Chain Lightning is a 1950 American aviation film based on the story "These Many Years" by black-listed writer Lester Cole (under the pseudonym "J. Redmond Prior"); the screenplay was written by Liam O'Brien and Vincent B. Evans. During World War II, Evans had been the bombardier on the B-17 Flying Fortress Memphis Belle. The film stars Humphrey Bogart as a test pilot, Eleanor Parker and Raymond Massey. Cole's credit on the film was officially restored by the Writers Guild of America in 1997, although the only screen versions have "suggested by a story by J. Raymond Prior" listed.^[1]

Created in the postwar era to reflect the progress in aviation and aeronautics, it is a fictional account of a US company engaged in creating and producing high speed jet aircraft. Completed in early 1949, Chain Lightning was one of Humphrey Bogart's final Warner Bros. films, ending a 20-year association. Due to the appeal of the subject, the film was released in multiple versions for 11 different countries; in Germany, it was known as Des Teufels Pilot.

Plot

Lt Colonel Matt Brennan (Humphrey Bogart) after being discharged from the military, and trying his hand at running a civilian flying school, meets an old US Army Air Force buddy, Major Hinkle (James Brown). Brennan is subsequently offered a job at the Willis Aircraft Company as the chief test pilot for an experimental high speed jet fighter known as the JA-3, designed by Carl Troxell (Richard Whorf). Troxell is also a link to Brennan's past as he had known him in the war when Brennan was a bomber pilot. A flashback to B-17 missions over Germany reveal Brennan is a top-notch pilot.

Another link to his past at the Willis company is his former flame, Jo Holloway (Eleanor Parker), now Willis' secretary. In order to prove the capabilities of the new JA-3, capable of speeds up to 1,400 mph (2,300 km/h), Brennan convinces Willis that a record-breaking flight from Nome, Alaska to Washington DC, via the North Pole, will impress the government. Troxell tries to develop a safer version of the revolutionary aircraft, the JA-4, equipped with an escape pod, but dies during a test flight.

The record flight is a success with Brennan earning a $30,000 paycheck, enough to marry Jo. Then he learns that Troxell has been killed. Despite his earlier reservations about the need for safety systems, Brennan takes another JA-4 out for the official government demonstrations, using the escape pod to prove that the new aircraft is safe. On landing, he falls into the arms of his beloved.

Cast

As appearing in screen credits (main roles identified):

Actor	Role
Humphrey Bogart	Lt Colonel Matthew "Matt" Brennan
Eleanor Parker	Joan "Jo" Holloway
Raymond Massey	Leland Willis
Richard Whorf	Carl Troxell
James Brown	Major Hinkle
Roy Roberts	Major General Hewitt
Morris Ankrum	Ed Bostwick
Fay Baker	Mrs. Willis
Fred Sherman	Jeb Farley

Production

Production still showing Willis JA-3 miniature

Principal filming took place from April 16, 1949 to July 1949, but the final production was held back from release until 1950. In order to realistically depict the flight testing, permission was obtained to film at various United States Air Force bases including Muroc Army Air Field where experimental testing took place, as well as location shooting occurring at the San Fernando Valley Airport (now Van Nuys Airport).^[2] A realistic full-scale JA-3/JA-4 model created by Paul Mantz, the aerial sequence director,^[2] was built for $15,000. The origins of the film model stemmed from a derelict P-39 Airacobra fuselage that had been reworked by Vince Johnson, an expert "lofter".^[3] The Warner Bros contract called for completion of a realistic (if futuristic) fighter able to taxi and deploy parachutes. Besides the full-scale model used for most of the ground sequences, a number of scale models were built. Recently, a Willis JA-3 fibreglass miniature used in the production, measuring 80 in. long and a wingspan of 59 in., was auctioned for $1,300 USD.^[4]

Revisiting his use of the wartime fleet of aircraft he had obtained for films such as Twelve O'Clock High (1949), Mantz’s B-17F, 42-3369, appearing as “Naughty Nellie”, recreated the wartime missions that the central character recalls in a flashback sequence.^[2] Stock footage of bomber missions over Germany includes a brief view of the Messerschmitt Me 163 rocket fighter that is the inspiration for the later postwar supersonic fighter that one of the central characters envisions.

Reception

The film fared well with the public as the subject of record-breaking aircraft was typical of many of the headlines of the day. Most viewers were convinced that the aircraft in the film was a new United States Air Force fighter. However, when Chain Lightning was premiered at the recently renamed Edwards Air Force Base where location shooting had taken place, veteran pilots such as Chuck Yeager easily saw through the subterfuge, especially in a scene where the "Willis JA-3" was being towed down the runway with the tow cable clearly evident.^[3]

Critically, it was considered one of Bogart's lesser features and although production standards were acceptable, it has the look of a "B" film.^[5] The main criticism stems from a limited plotline that does not fully allow the characters' development.^[6] The contemporary New York Times review cited the true "star" of the film was the technology on display, "Like its title, this vehicle moves with exciting speed when it is airborne, but it slows down to a plodding walk... when it hits the ground."^[5]

With the incorporation of highly advanced technology and equipment including escape pods, braking parachutes, G-suits and mixed jet/rocket powerplants, some reviewers considered the film as an exercise in science fiction.^[5] However, Paul Mantz, the film's aviation advisor, in designing the centerpiece aircraft models, had envisioned an "aircraft of tomorrow" and had accurately predicted much of today's modern jet aircraft technology.^[3]

Home media

Although released in VHS format in 1992 by MGM/UA Home Entertainment, the original version does not include a correction for the writing credit to Lester Cole. No DVD release has been announced.^[7]

References

Notes

1. ^ "Notes for 'Chain Lightning' (1950)." tcm.com. Retrieved: December 31, 2009.
2. ^ ^{a b c} LoBianco, Lorraine. "Chain Lightning: Overview Article." tcm.com. Retrieved: December 30, 2009.
3. ^ ^{a b c} Dwiggins 1967, p. 178.
4. ^ "Lot 795: Humphrey Bogart JA-3 miniature in Chain Lightning." liveauctioneers.com. Retrieved: December 30, 2009.
5. ^ ^{a b c} "The Screen in Review: 'Chain Lightning,' an Excursion by Warners Into the Jet Age, Arrives at the Strand." New York Times, published: February 20, 1950. Retrieved: December 31, 2009.
6. ^ Wickliffe, Andrew. " 'Chain Lightning' (1950, Stuart Heisler)." thestopbutton.com, November 22, 2006. Retrieved: December 30, 2009.
7. ^ "Misc Notes for 'Chain Lightning' (1950)." tcm.com, 2009. Retrieved: January 1, 2010.

Bibliography

• Dwiggins, Don. Hollywood Pilot: The Biography of Paul Mantz. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1967.
• Hardwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf. "A Buff's Guide to Aviation Movies". Air Progress Aviation Vol. 7, No. 1, Spring 1983.
• Michael, Paul. Humphrey Bogart: The Man and his Films. New York: Bonanza Books, 1965.

External links

• Chain Lightning at the TCM Movie Database
• Chain Lightning at the Internet Movie Database
• Chain Lightning (film) at AllRovi