- Parennefer
The
Ancient Egypt ian noble Parennefer wasAkhenaten 's close advisor before he came to the throne, and in later times served as his Royal Butler, an office which brought him into intimate contact with the king. His titles include "The King's Cup Bearer," "Washer of the King's Hands," "Chief Craftsman," and "Overseer of All the Works in the Mansion ofAten ." He was instrumental in imposing the "Amarna style" in architecture. [Michael Rice, "Who's Who in Ancient Egypt", Routledge 2001, ISBN 0415154480, p.146]Parennefer seems to have had two tombs constructed for him, an unfinished one in Thebes, (
TT188 ), which was a precursor of the Amarna rock tombs [Dieter Arnold, "The Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture", I.B.Tauris 2003, ISBN 1860644651, p.171] An inscription in this tomb stresses that one had to pay one's due to all the gods, although the Aten was to be treated preferentially. [Erik Hornung, "Akhenaten and the Religion of Light", Cornell University Press 1999, ISBN 0801487250, p.48] The tomb also witnesses some of the changes in the world view occurring under Amenhotep III and Akhenaten, e.g. the royalka , which had been anthropomorphic became more abstract, a development culminating in the complete abandonment of anthropomorphic depictions of the ka at Akhetaten. [David P. Silverman, David O'Connor, "Ancient Egyptian Kingship", Brill 1995, ISBN 9004054022, p.72]He built a second tomb at
Akhetaten , in the Southern group of tombs, where he is shown being rewarded by Akhenaten with many gold collars. [Brian Molyneaux, "The Cultural Life of]
References
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