Type 11 37 mm Infantry Gun

Infobox Weapon
name=37 mm Infantry Gun Type 11


caption=Type 11 Infantry Gun from a 1933 book. Note the two front carrying poles are in position
origin=flag|Empire of Japan
type=Infantry support gun
is_ranged=yes
is_artillery=yes
service= 1922-1945
used_by=
wars=Second Sino-Japanese War
World War II
designer=
design_date=
manufacturer=
unit_cost=
production_date=1922-1937
number=
variants=
weight=convert|93.4|kg|lb
length=
part_length=convert|927|mm|in
width=
height=
diameter=
crew=4 gunners, 6 support
cartridge=convert|0.645|kg|lb
caliber=37 mm (1.45 in)
action=
rate=
velocity=451 m/s (1,480 fps)
range= convert|2400|m|yd
max_range=convert|5000|m|yd
feed=
sights=
breech=
recoil=
carriage=tripod
elevation=-4.8° to 14°
traverse=33°

The nihongo|Type 11 37 mm Infantry Support Gun|十一年式平射歩兵砲|Jyūiichinen-shiki Heisha hoheihō was an infantry support gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. [Chant, "Artillery of World War II"]

History and development

The Type 11 infantry gun entered service in 1922. It was intended to be used against enemy machine gun positions and light tanks, and in a modified form was used to equip some early Japanese tanks (the Japanese Renault NC27 and some early Type 89 I-Go medium tanks). It had been largely been superseded by the Type 94 37 mm Anti-Tank Gun by beginning of the Pacific War. [McLean "Japanese Artillery; Weapons and Tactics"]

Design

The Type 11 infantry gun was based on the French Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP (US Army M1916, for which Japan bought a production license after World War I, and modified to suit Japanese requirements. It fired from a tubular steel tripod and used a vertically sliding breechblock, that was opened and closed by a lever on the right side of the gun. The gun was fired by pulling sharply on a cord hanging from its rear, which drove a lever into the firing pin, which impacted and initiated the percussion cap in the rear of the shell. [US Department of War, "TM 30-480, Handbook on Japanese Military Forces"]

It was intended to be carried into action by its gunners using the rear legs of the gun as carrying poles and lacked wheels entirely, with a pair of removable poles at the front allowing four men to lift the weapon. The rear legs of the weapon were fitted with spades to firmly fix the gun in position.

The gun fired the Type 12 high explosive shell, which contained 41 grams of explosive, as well as an ineffective anti-tank shell.

Combat record

The Type 11 infantry support guns were typically assigned in groups of four to combat infantry regiments. Each weapon was manned by a squad of 10 men (a squad leader, four gunners (two of whom stood in reserve a little distance from the gun), three men to carry ammunition and two men who handled the pack horses used with the gun), and was kept in contact with the regimental headquarters (typically up to 300 meters) away by field telephone or messenger runners. [McLean "Japanese Artillery; Weapons and Tactics"]

The gun was effective in the early stages of the Second-Sino-Japanese War for its intended purpose of providing heavy infantry firepower against semi-fortified positions, such as pillboxes, machine gun nests, and lightly armored vehicles. [Nakanishi, "Japanese Infantry Arms in World War II"] However, its low muzzle velocity, small caliber and low rate of fire rendered it quickly obsolete against Allied forces equipped with tanks, and it was seldom seen outside of reserve units during the Pacific War. [US Department of War, "TM 30-480, Handbook on Japanese Military Forces"]

References

* Bishop, Chris (eds) "The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II". Barnes & Nobel. 1998. ISBN 0760710228
* Chamberlain, Peter and Gander, Terry. " Infantry, Mountain and Airborne Guns ". Macdonald and Jane's (1975). ISBN 0356082253
* Chant, Chris. "Artillery of World War II", Zenith Press, 2001, ISBN 0760311722
* McLean, Donald B. "Japanese Artillery; Weapons and Tactics". Wickenburg, Ariz.: Normount Technical Publications 1973. ISBN 0-87947-157-3.
* Mayer, S.L. "The Rise and Fall of Imperial Japan". The Military Press (1984) ISBN 0517423138
* Nakanishi, Ritta. "Japanese Infantry Arms in World War II". Dainipponkaiga (1998) ISBN 4499226902
* US Department of War, "TM 30-480, Handbook on Japanese Military Forces", Louisana State University Press, 1994. ISBN 0807120138

External links

* [http://www3.plala.or.jp/takihome/infantry.htm Type 11 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page]
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/IJA/HB/HB-9.html#III US Technical Manual E 30-480]

Notes