Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen

Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen were two young men from Norway who went with fellow Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen on his 1918 Arctic expedition aboard ship "Maud". Peter Tessem was a carpenter and Paul Knutsen was an able-bodiedseaman. One year into the expedition, in 1919, Amundsen left Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen behind at Cape Chelyuskin after having made winter quarters there. Amundsen chose Peter Tessem because he had been suffering from chronic headaches throughout the winter and was not fit to continue the long expedition; and Paul Knutsen because he had wintered previously in the Kara Sea in 1914-1915 with Otto Sverdrup on ship "Eclipse", so he knew about the locations of the caches of provisions left by Sverdrup in the area.The men were instructed to wait for the freeze-up of the Kara Sea and then sledge southwestwards along the western coast of the Taymyr Peninsula towards Dikson carrying the mail and the valuable scientific data accumulated by the expedition. Meanwhile the "Maud" continued eastwards into the Laptev Sea.

These two men disappeared mysteriously during their 800 km trip over the ice and were never seen again. The Norwegians' journey was identical in its last 600 km to the sledge trip undertaken a few years earlier at the orders of Baron Eduard Toll by "Zarya" Captain Nikolai Kolomeitsev and Cossack Stepan Rastorguyev. In 1901 Kolomeitsev and Rastorguev had covered the distance from Bukhta Kolin Archera, SW of Taymyr Island, to Dikson in one month, so Tessem and Knutsen's trip should not have taken much longer. However, almost a year passed and nothing was heard of the two Norwegians.

Norwegian search expedition

The alarm was raised in March 1920 by Amundsen's brother Leon when he got a telegram from his brother. Roald Amundsen, who was wintering then near Ayon Island, in the East Siberian Sea, was enquiring whether his men had reached home safely.

Veteran Arctic explorer Otto Sverdrup, acting on behalf of the Royal Norwegian Department for Churches and Education, tried to conduct a search by sending schooner "Heimen" to the Kara Sea on 23 August 1920. But the schooner encountered heavy ice already east of Dikson and Captain Lars Jakobsen was forced to turn back when he was close to the Mikhailov Peninsula. Jakobsen tried then to hire dogs or reindeer for an overland expedition but the practical difficulties he encountered became unsurmountable, for the area was practically uninhabited except for the little station at Dikson.

oviet search expedition

Finally, in 1921 Nikifor Begichev led a Soviet expedition in search for Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen on request of the government of Norway. Captain Lars Jakobsen and Alfred Karlsen, another Norwegian who had been with him at Dikson and who acted as interpreter, accompanied Begichev. Begichev had a good impression of Jakobsen and Karlsen; he thought that they were tough, reliable and helpful. However, even after much and careful searching, Begichev's expedition was not successful. The only thing that he was able to establish from the remains of campfires was that Amundsen's men had passed Mys Vil’da, more than halfway down their journey, and that at at that point all was well. Jakobsen then found an abadoned sledge 90 km west of Mys Vil’da, indicating that something had gone wrong with his two disappeared compatriots. Later Begichev's expedition found charred remains on the Mikhailov Peninsula. These were initially assumed to belong to Tessem and Knutsen, but further research proved that they were from the likewise ill-fated Vladimir Rusanov's expedition.

In the end the search was abandoned, but before they returned to Norway via Krasnoyarsk, Captain Jakobsen and Alfred Karlsen had established good friendships with many Russians. Owing to their good character, the Soviet authorities and many persons in different places of Russia went out of their way to assist them. This was not always easy considering the penury of the times in the early Soviet Union.

Remains found by chance

In August 1922 a geological expedition led by N. N. Urvantsev found by chance the mail and scientific data that Tessem and Knutsen had been carrying. The valuable documents lay strewn about, abandoned near the mouth of the Zeledeyeva River. Later the skis belonging to the disappeared Norwegians were found at the mouth of the Uboynaya River. Not long thereafter a mummified corpse, practically a skeleton, was found on the mainland shore across from Dikson Island within sight of the weather station that was the two men's destination. Forensic analysis revealed that it was one of the two Norwegian explorers and that the most likely cause of death was starvation. Another possible cause of death is that the Norwegian hurried when he saw the lights of the polar station, so that he slipped and fell down. He might have knocked himself unconscious hitting a boulder, could not stand up and froze to death. [ [http://www.bigarctic.ru/Eng/ekotourism.htm Great Arctic State Nature Reserve - Scientific activity] ]

It is not clear, however, whether the corpse by the shore was Peter Tessem's or Paul Knutsen's. The other body was never found.The dead man was buried further up the slope in the same spot and his grave was marked with a driftwood cross. Two years later the crew of Norwegian ship "Veslekari" erected a more imposing larch cross on the spot. In 1958 the remains were moved to the top of the cape where there is now a granite monument with a plaque inscribed in Russian and in the Roman alphabet to honor the memory of the dead Norwegian. The inscription reads:"TESSEM, Norwegian seaman, member of the expedition, MS Maud, died 1920"

ee also

*Roald Amundsen
*List of people who have disappeared

References

*William Barr, "The Last Journey of Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen", 1919.