Zarya (polar ship)

Zarya (Russian: "Заря", "The Sunrise") was a sailing/steamer brig used by the Russian Academy of Sciences for a polar exploration during 1900-1903.

Toward the end of 19th century the Russian Academy of Sciences sought to build a general purpose research vessel for long-term expeditions. The first (and for couple of decades only) such ship was the "Zarya". In 1899 Baron Eduard Toll, an Arctic explorer preparing to embark on a new polar voyage, bought a Norwegian three-masted barque called "Harald Harfager" (the nickname of a King of Norway) for the cost of 60,000 rubles. Toll was helped in his choice by Fridtjof Nansen who recommended to use a ship similar to his Fram. The ship had a displacement of 450 tonnes and a draught of 5 meters.

Renamed "Zarya", the ship was sent to the shipyard of Colin Archer in Larvik to be heavily modified in order to deal with the ice. In October 1899 the ship was certified by Norwegian authorities for a three years long expedition in the Arctic.

The Russian Polar Expedition, 1900-1903

On June 21, 1900 "Zarya" left Saint Petersburg with a crew of 20. N. N. Kolomeitsev was the commander of the ship. On July 24 she arrived to the harbour of Alexandrovsk on Murman (today Polyarny) and then continued toward the Kara Sea. The "Zarya" made her first wintering trapped in the ice of a bay that Toll named after Colin Archer shipyard (Bukhta Kolin Archera) near Taymyr Island. The scientists spent 11 months researching the Nordenskiöld Archipelago and the Taymyr Peninsula coast. In the spring Kolomeitsev was sent on a long sledge trip by expedition leader Eduard Toll and at this point second-in-command, Fyodor Andreyevich Matisen, became the captain for the remaining part of the expedition.

In August 1901 the ship headed across the Laptev Sea towards the New Siberian Islands, searching for the legendary Sannikov Land (Zemlya Sannikova) but was soon blocked by floating pack ice. During 1902 the attempts to reach Sannikov Land continued while "Zarya" was trapped in fast ice. Leaving the ship, Russian Arctic explorer Baron Eduard Toll and three companions went in search of the elusive land, one of the main objects of the expedition. They vanished in November 1902 while travelling away from Bennett Island towards the south on loose ice floes.

Badly beaten by the ice, and beyond any hope of repair, "Zarya" was finally moored east of the delta of river Lena, in the Bay of Tiksi on the lee side of Brusneva Island, never to leave the place again. Instead of the Rusian flag, she flew the flag of the Neva Yacht Club, the oldest Yacht Club in Russia, until she was stripped of all equipment and her hull was allowed to fill with water. Captain Matisen returned to Yakutsk and the remaining members of the expedition left for Saint Petersburg.

Today, the [http://www.museum-polar.narod.ru/ city museum] in Polyarny, Russia keeps documents and artifacts related to the expedition.

An island in the vicinity of Cape Chelyuskin (Остров Заря) coord|77|37|N|104|24|E|type:isle, a peninsula east of the Middendorff Bay (полуостров Заря) and the strait between Belkovsky Island and Kotelny Island were named Zarya to commemorate this Russian polar ship.

ee also

*Nikolai Nikolaevich Kolomeitsev

References

* William Barr (Arctic historian), "Baron Eduard von Toll's Last Expedition: The Russian Polar Expedition, 1900-1903"
* [http://www.vitiaz.ru/congress/en/thesis/100.html The contribution of the Russian polar expedition (1900 – 1903) in oceanographic investigation of the Arctic Seas of Russia]

External links

* [http://www.vitiaz.ru/congress/en/thesis/66.html History of Russian research fleet formation]
* [http://www.museum-polar.narod.ru/fr_pod_parus.html History of Zarya and the expedition] (in Russian, museum in Polyarny)
* [http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fi-jakt.html] & [http://www.encspb.ru/en/article.php?kod=2804016491] Nevsky Flot (Neva Yacht Club)
* [http://www.vidyaonline.org/arvindgupta/25r.pdf Igor Zabelin]