Deutsche Bank Building

This article is about the former Deutsche Bank building in New York, damaged by the September 11, 2001 attacks. For the current Deutsche Bank building in New York, see 60 Wall Street. For the Deutsche Bank company headquarters building in Frankfurt, see Deutsche Bank Twin Towers. For the Sydney building, see Deutsche Bank Place.

130 Liberty Street
View from the Southeast in 1997.
Alternative names	Bankers Trust Plaza Deutsche Bank Building
General information
Status	Demolished
Type	Commercial Office
Location	130 Liberty Street , New York City
Construction started	1971
Completed	1973
Opening	1974
Cost	$120 million (1973 USD)
Height
Roof	172.2 m (565 ft)
Technical details
Floor count	40
Design and construction
Main contractor	Turner Construction Company
Architect	Shreve, Lamb and Harmon
Developer	Bankers Trust
Structural engineer	The Office of James Ruderman

Overview of the site following the attacks. The Deutsche Bank Building is visible behind an angled red crane.

The Deutsche Bank Building was a skyscraper at 130 Liberty Street in New York City, United States, adjacent to the World Trade Center (WTC). Opened in 1974 as Bankers Trust Plaza, the building was acquired by Deutsche Bank when it acquired Bankers Trust in 1998. It was part of the skyline of Lower Manhattan. The Deutsche Bank Building was heavily damaged in the September 11, 2001 attacks after being blasted by the avalanche of debris, ash, dust and smoke that spread from WTC. World Trade Center Tower 5 will eventually replace the building since deconstruction is finished, expanding the ground space on which the World Trade Center stands, as this land was not part of the original World Trade Center.

After several lengthy delays, it was announced on October 8, 2009 that deconstruction of the building would finally resume, and by year's end the deconstruction was reinitiated. As of January 20, 2011, the structure has been completely dismantled. In February 2011, the foundation of the former building was dismantled, finally paving the way for the construction of 5 World Trade Center.

The building was designed by Shreve, Lamb and Harmon which also designed the Empire State Building and Peterson & Brickbauer.

Damage

Detail of gash in the facade imparted by the collapsing World Trade Center. A segment of WTC columns is visible hanging from the gash.

The collapse of 2 World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks tore a 24-story gash into the facade of the Deutsche Bank Building and destroyed the entire interior of the structure.^{[citation needed]} Steel and concrete were sticking out of the building for months afterward. This was eventually cleaned up, but due to extensive contamination it was decided that the 41 story ruin was to be taken down. After the 9/11 attacks, netting was placed around the remains of the building. The bank maintained that the building could not be restored to habitable condition, while its insurers sought to treat the incident as recoverable damage rather than a total loss.^[1] Work on the building was deferred for over two years during which the condition of the building deteriorated.

Remains

In September 2005 human remains were found on the roof.^[2] In March 2006, construction workers who were removing toxic waste from the building before deconstruction found more bone fragments and remains. This prompted calls from victims' family members for another search of the building by forensic experts. In 2006, between April 7 to April 14, more than 300 human bone fragments were discovered in the ballast gravel on the roof. Workers sifted through the gravel to find more remains.

Deconstruction

The cost of this deconstruction has steadily increased to $75 million by the Bovis Lend Lease construction company as large amounts of toxic dust associated with the collapse of the World Trade Center, asbestos, dioxin, lead, silica, quartz, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chromium and manganese have been found in the building.^[3]

On February 27, 2004, an agreement was announced to settle the disposition of the building and insurance claims. Later that year as part of this agreement, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation acquired the land and commenced its deconstruction.^[4]

An Associated Press December 7, 2006 report indicated that the building would be dismantled. The report indicated that area residents were fearful of possibly toxic dust associated with the two towers' collapses within the building.^[5]

Deconstruction began in March 2007. However, due to a fire on August 18, 2007, work was suspended. A city stop-work order was lifted in April 2008 and decontamination work began again in May of the same year.^[6]

Deconstruction was originally scheduled to be completed by the end of 2008, and later by the end of 2010. In October 2009, it was announced that deconstruction of the building would finally resume.

Delays in taking down the Deutsche Bank at Ground Zero have forced the Port Authority to roll back the expected completion date of a crucial vehicle-security center by a year, to 2013. Repeated delays at Deutsche Bank had added roughly $100 million to the cost of rebuilding the World Trade Center.^[7]

Deconstruction of the building finished, for the most part, on January 20, 2011. The basement was deconstructed in February 2011. It was the last part of the building to be taken apart.^[8]

May 2007 incident

On May 17, 2007, work was halted after a 22-foot section of pipe being cut by workers fell 35 stories and through the roof of "The Ten House", home to Engine 10 and Ladder 10 of the Fire Department of New York. Two firefighters were injured by the original falling debris, although they were not struck by the pipe itself.^[9]

August 2007 fire

View of the building during the fire of August 18, 2007

On August 18, 2007 at approximately 3:40pm, a seven-alarm fire broke out on the 17th floor of the building, caused by workers smoking, carelessly and in violation of the building's safety rules. By this time, the skyscraper, once 41 stories, had been reduced to 26, with crews removing a floor a week. At the time of the fire, crews were removing asbestos. The fire spread in both directions, affecting a total of 10 floors. The floors were filled with a maze of protective polyethylene sheets which were designed to prevent the spread of asbestos, but which also trapped smoke making fighting the fire extremely difficult. Firefighting was additionally hampered as the building did not have a functioning standpipe, forcing firefighters to raise hoses up from the street to combat the flames. The building had not been inspected since March, when it should have been inspected every 15 days. The fire burned into the night before being extinguished. The fire killed two firefighters, Joseph Graffagnino, 33, of Brooklyn, and Robert Beddia, 53, of Staten Island, who succumbed on the 14th floor to smoke inhalation and carbon monoxide poisoning, and injured 115 firefighters, 46 seriously enough to require medical leave. Plans to deconstruct the building continued as quickly as possible.^[10][11] In 2008, the Manhattan District Attorney indicted three construction supervisors and the demolition subcontractor, the John Galt Corporation.^[12]

Completion

Deconstruction in January 2008.

Demolition of the former Deutsche Bank Building finished on January 20, 2011 with the removal of the crane. Deconstruction of the first floor and the foundation was finished on February 28, 2011.^[13] The Port Authority has taken over the site, which will eventually be used as a staging area for vehicle security sweeps, and to finally build Five World Trade Center if the proposed building finds approval.

Future of the 130 Liberty Street site

Main article: World Trade Center Tower 5

Negotiations over the World Trade Center site concluded in April 2006 with private developer Larry Silverstein yielding his right to develop on the site designated for Tower Five to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in exchange for assistance in financing Towers Two, Three, and Four.^{[citation needed]} Mayor Michael Bloomberg later claimed there wasn't enough demand for office space to fill the five towers included in the World Trade Center's master plan and called for a major revision of the plan to include housing and hotels. But the demand for Manhattan office space, including downtown, has boomed since 2006, and January 16, 2007, financial giant JPMorgan Chase was in talks with the Port Authority about developing the new 5 World Trade Center skyscraper into a corporate tower, which would prevent Mayor Bloomberg's push to use the site for housing.

Several sources familiar with JPMorgan Chase's talks with state and Port Authority officials said the firm's bid to develop the proposed 57-story tower for major corporate tenants is being taken seriously by the bistate agency. In fact, sources said, JPMorgan Chase is not the only corporate bidder for the site.^{[citation needed]}

To make the commercial deal work, the Port Authority would have to agree to expand the size of Tower 5's base in order to accommodate the large, lower-level floors needed for trading rooms, a requirement for most large financial-services firms.^{[citation needed]}

On June 14, 2007, Bloomberg and then-Governor Eliot Spitzer announced that JPMorgan Chase had won the bid to buy and build the new tower at 130 Liberty Street to replace the Deutsche Bank Building.^{[citation needed]}

However, after the acquisition of Bear Stearns by JPMorgan Chase in March 2008, the future of 130 Liberty Street has been put into question as JPMorgan Chase has announced that it intends to move into Bear Stearns' old headquarters at 383 Madison Avenue. If JPMorgan Chase does not renew their bid, the site would likely be used for a residential tower, as per Bloomberg's plan prior to JPMorgan Chase's bid. Recently community and civic leaders met to discuss the site's future with community leaders favoring a hotel or residential development and outgoing deputy mayor Robert Lieber favoring an office tower.^[14]

See also

• Collapse of the World Trade Center
• Health effects arising from the September 11, 2001 attacks
• Verizon Building
• 90 West Street

References

1. ^ Varchaver, Nicholas (March 20, 2008). "The tombstone at Ground Zero". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/19/news/companies/ground_zero.fortune/?postversion=2008032004. Retrieved 2011-04-11. 
2. ^ Lower Manhattan Development Corporation. "Frequently Asked Questions - 130 Liberty Street and Findings of Potential Human Remains". http://www.renewnyc.com/plan_des_dev/130liberty/faq_130liberty_findings.asp. Retrieved 2006-09-12. 
3. ^ Dunlap, David W. (2005-09-12). "Bovis is Awarded Deal to Demolish a Tainted Tower at Ground Zero". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/12/nyregion/12deutsche.html?ex=1125374400&en=6204c29a218b8a8b&ei=5070. Retrieved 2011-01-09. 
4. ^ Governor's Press Releases (2004-02-27). "GOVERNOR PATAKI: DEUTSCHE BANK SETTLEMENT REACHED". New York State. http://www.state.ny.us/governor/press/04/feb27_1_04.htm. Retrieved 2006-09-12. ^{[dead link]}
5. ^ "New York's Toxic Tower". The New York Times. August 25, 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/25/opinion/25sat2.html?scp=2&sq=toxic+tower&st=nyt. Retrieved May 1, 2010. 
6. ^ http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/130_liberty_street__77170.aspx
7. ^ "World Trade Center Reconstruction Delayed to 2013". Fox News. April 3, 2010. http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/04/03/world-trade-center-reconstruction-delayed/. 
8. ^ http://www.renewnyc.com/plan_des_dev/130Liberty/progress_reports.asp February 2011 Deconstruction Progress Report
9. ^ Greg B. Smith (May 17, 2007). "Debris from WTC skyscraper hits firehouse". The New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2007/05/17/2007-05-17_debris_from_wtc_skyscraper_hits_firehous-1.html. Retrieved 2007-05-17. 
10. ^ MICHAEL FRAZIER, Tim Farnam and The Associated Press (August 20, 2007). "Fire was 'a horror show'". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/services/newspaper/printedition/monday/news/ny-nyfire205339207aug20,0,1483031.story. Retrieved 2007-08-20. ^{[dead link]}
11. ^ Ann Givings (August 27, 2007). "Lack of plan cited in Ground Zero fire". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/news/local/newyork/am-wtc0828,0,1426800.story. Retrieved 2007-08-28. 
12. ^ "Deutsche Investigation Finds Many More to Blame", Downtown Express, June 26-July 2, 2009, p. 3
13. ^ "Daily Activities". Lower Manhattan. March 4, 2011. http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/130_liberty_street__77170.aspx#activities. Retrieved 2011-03-23. 
14. ^ Dunning, Matt Dep. Mayor: 130 Liberty St. Should be Reserved for Office Tower

External links

• Official announcement
• Official Website
• Animation of its deconstruction
• Wired NY
• WCBS TV Ch 2
• CNN
• in-Arch.net description
• JPMorgan Chase wins bid for 130 Liberty Street tower
• CBS News - Fire breaks out at abandoned Deutsche Bank Building at Ground Zero (Video)
• Smoke Over Lower Manhattan
• Obscure Company Is Behind 9/11 Demolition Work
• Bloomberg's Biggest Scandal—The Deutsche Bank Fire—Should Be His Downfall. Why Isn't It? by Wayne Barrett for the Village Voice July 21, 2009

Coordinates: 40°42′35″N 74°00′48″W / 40.70972°N 74.01333°W / 40.70972; -74.01333