- Ağrı rebellion
The leader of Kurdish guerrilla forces in this rebellion, General
Ihsan Nuri Pasha , was from the famous Kurdish warrior tribeCelali .Fact|date=August 2008On June 11, 1930 armed responses to the rebellion were initiated by the Turkish military against the Ağrı insurgents. "Xoybûn", the
Kurmanci Kurdishnationalist organisation co-ordinating this rebellion, urgently appealed for help from Kurds. This was a Kurdish rebellion by mostly Kurmancî Kurds. The Kurmancî Kurds far outnumbered the Kizilbash of Dersim. This is why, much to the Turks' dismay, Xoybûn's appeal was answered on a wide front, by a counter-offensive at Tendruk, Iğdır, Erdjish, Sipan Dagh,Van , and Bitlis, forcing the Turks to temporarily abandon their offensive against Ağrı.Fact|date=April 2007 The rebels were gradually crushed by the superior numbers of the Turkish military.cite journal
title = Ethnic Differentiation among the Kurds: Kurmancî, Kizilbash and Zaza
last = White
first = Paul J.
journal = Journal of Arabic, Islamic & Middle Eastern Studies
volume = 2
issue = 2
pages = 67–90
year = 1995
url = http://members.tripod.com/~zaza_kirmanc/research/paul.htm] [Jwaideh, Wadie (1960). " [http://www.syracuseuniversitypress.syr.edu/spring-2006/kurdish-national.html The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Its Origins and Development] ". Unpublished PhD thesis. Syracuse University, New York, p.623. ISBN 0-8156-3093-X]The commander of rebellion documented the role of the
Turkish Air Force in defeating the Ağrı revolt in his book titled "La Révolte de L'Agridagh" (Ağrı Dağı revolt). [Ihsan Nuri Pasha, "La Révolte de L'Agridagh", with a preface by Ismet Cheriff Vanly, Éditions Kurdes, Geneva, 1985. (translated into Turkish: Ağrı Dağı İsyanı, Med Publications, Istanbul, 1992.(pp.98, 105, 131, 141, 156 and 164)]By the end of summer 1930, the Turkish Air Force was bombing Kurdish positions around Mt. Ararat from all directions. According to General
Ihsan Nuri Pasha , the military superiority of Turkish Air Force demoralized Kurds and led to their capitulation. [harv|Olson|2000|p=81]During the rebellion, Turkish Air Force bombed several Kurdish tribes and villagers. For instance Halikanli and Herki tribes were bombed on July 18 and August 2 1930, respectively. Rebel villages were continually bombed from August 2nd to 29th. [harv|Olson|2000|p=82] From June 10th to June 12th, 1930, Kurdish positions were extensively bombed, and this forced the Kurds to retreat to higher positions around Mt. Ararat. On July 9th,
Cumhuriyet reported that the Turkish Air Force was "raining down" Ararat with bombs. [harv|Olson|2000|p=83] Kurds who escaped the bombings, were captured alive. On July 13th, the rebellion in Zilan was suppressed. [harv|Olson|2000|p=84] Squadrons of 10-15 aircraft were used in crushing the revolt. On July 16th, two Turkish planes were downed and their pilots were killed by the Kurds. [harv|Olson|2000|p=84] Aerial bombardment continued for several days and forced Kurds to withdraw to the height of 5,000 meters. By July 21st, bombardment had destroyed many Kurdish forts. During these operations, Turkish military mobilized 66,000 soldiers and 100 aircraft. [harv|Olson|2000|p=86] The campaign against the Kurds was over by September 17th, 1930.The Ararat rebellion was defeated in 1931, and Turkey resumed control over the territory.
ee also
*
Republic of Ararat
*Dersim rebellion References
* citation
url = http://www.jstor.org/pss/1571104
doi = 10.1163/1570060001569893
last = Olson
first = Robert
journal =Die Welt Des Islams
volume = 40
issue = 1
pages = 67–94
year = 2000
title = The Kurdish Rebellions of Sheikh Said (1925), Mt. Ararat (1930), and Dersim (1937-8): Their Impact on the Development of the Turkish Air Force and on Kurdish and Turkish Nationalism
accessdate = 2008-06-30
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
