Habitancum

Habitancum was an ancient Roman fort (castra) located at Risingham, Northumberland, England. The fort was one of the defensive structures built along Dere Street, a Roman road running from York to Corbridge and onwards to Melrose.

The forts name, 'Habitancum', is mentioned in the Ravenna Cosmography, but not in the Notitia Dignitatum, or other sources. 'Habitancum' is also the name on an altar set up by Marcus Gavius Secundinus a consular beneficiary on duty there.

Location

The fort is situated thirteen and a half miles north of Corbridge and eight miles south of Rochester (Bremenium), the next Roman fort on Dere Street. It is west of the A68 road between Corbridge and Jedburgh, where the road crosses the River Rede at the village of West Woodburn. At this point Dere Street deviates westwards of the A68 and rejoins it a mile or two further north.

Description

The fort occupies a low mound overlooking the River Rede. It is oblong in shape, and measures 450 feet north to south and 400 feet east to west, giving and area of just over four acres. It was surrounded by a number of ditches, which can still be seen on the south and west sides.

The fort had gates in the south and west walls. There may have been gates in the other walls but no sign of them has been found. The walls were of sandstone ashlar, backed by a clay bank thirty feet thick.

At the end of the second century the fort was either abandoned or destroyed when large numbers of Roman troops were withdrawn. Later, the fort was rebuilt by the First Cohort of Vangiones, one thousand strong.

Garrison

The second-century garrison is not known for certain, but may have been the Fourth Cohort of Gauls. The third-century garrison was the First Cohort of Vangiones, as well as a Numerus Exploratorum (Unit of Scouts) and a detachment of Raeti Gaesati (pikemen).

Current site

The only visible stone remains lie at the north-eastern corner angle, but the outlines of many buildings can easily be made out beneath a layer of turf in the fort’s interior, as can the ditches on all sides.

References

* J. Collingwood Bruce, Roman Wall (1863), Harold Hill & Son, ISBN 0 90046 332 5

* Frank Graham, The Roman Wall, Comprehensive History and Guide (1979), Frank Graham, ISBN 0 85983 140 X

* http://www.roman-britain.org/places/habitancum.htm

External links

* [http://www.roman-britain.org/places/bremenium.htm Roman Fort and Marching Camps]
* [http://museums.ncl.ac.uk/archive/old_fotm/old_fotma96/ Bremenium Dedication Slab]
* [http://www.wildyorkshire.co.uk/naturediary/docs/2001/8/16.html Northern Outpost]