Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's 100 metre butterfly

Infobox Olympic event
event = Men's 100 metre butterfly
games = 2008 Summer


caption = Michael Phelps during the medal ceremony
venue = Beijing National Aquatics Center
dates = August 14 (heats)
August 15 (semifinals)
August 16 (final)
competitors = 65
nations = 51
gold = Michael Phelps
goldNOC = USA
silver = Milorad Čavić
silverNOC = SRB
bronze = Andrew Lauterstein
bronzeNOC = AUS
win_value = 50.58 (OR)
prev = 2004
next =

The men's 100 metre butterfly event, included in the swimming competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics, took place on August 14–16, at the Beijing National Aquatics Center. In this event, swimmers covered two lengths of the convert|50|m|ft|adj=on Olympic-sized pool employing the butterfly stroke.

American Michael Phelps won the event after coming from behind Serbia's Milorad Čavić, to beat him by one one-hundredth of a second. Australian Andrew Lauterstein won the bronze medal, finishing one one-hundredth of a second ahead of American world record holder Ian Crocker. Phelps' victory occurred after Čavić had made remarks that it would be better for the sport of swimming if Phelps was defeated. Phelps' margin of victory was so close that the Serbian team filed a protest, but, after officials reviewed the video, the International Swimming Federation (FINA) announced that Phelps did touch the wall first and his victory would be upheld.

The gold medal received by Phelps was his seventh of the Games, tying Mark Spitz's record for most gold medals won at a single Olympic Games. Other records were broken too, including the Olympic record, five continental records, and several national records.

Qualification

There were several different ways to qualify for the men's 100 metre butterfly. If a National Olympic Committee (NOC) had two swimmers with a time better than the A standard (52.86 seconds), obtained at a national Olympic trial, continental championship, or international competition, held between March 17, 2007 and July 15, 2008, then both were allowed to compete.cite web|url=http://www.fina.org/project/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=587&Itemid=274|title=Beijing 2008 - Swimming Qualifying Procedures|publisher=International Swimming Federation|date=|accessdate=2008-08-30] NOCs that were able to send two swimmers to this event were:cite web|url=http://www.swimrankings.net/index.php?page=meetDetail&meetId=15443126&gender=1&styleId=16|title=XXIX Olympic Games|publisher=SwimRankings.net|date=2008-08-17|accessdate=2008-08-27]
* Australia (Andrew Lauterstein and Adam Pine)
* Brazil (Kaio de Almeida and Gabriel Mangabeira)
* Canada (Joe Bartoch and Adam Sioui)
* France (Frederick Bousquet and Christophe Lebon)
* Germany (Thomas Rupprath and Benjamin Starke)
* Great Britain (Todd Cooper and Michael Rock)
* Japan (Takuro Fujii and Masayuki Kishida)
* New Zealand (Moss Burmester and Corney Swanepoel)
* Russia (Evgeny Korotyshkin and Nikolay Skvortsov)
* Serbia (Milorad Čavić and Ivan Lendjer)
* South Africa (Lyndon Ferns and Rafael Muñoz)
* Ukraine (Sergii Breus and Andrii Serdinov)
* United States (Ian Crocker and Michael Phelps)
* Venezuela (Albert Subirats Altes and Octavio Andres Alesi Gonzalez)If NOCs had no swimmers meeting the A standard, they could enter one swimmer who had beaten the B standard (54.70 seconds). If no swimmers had met the B standard, the NOCs could still enter one swimmer into the competition, provided that the swimmer had competed at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships and was approved by FINA; NOCs could use this method only if they had no male swimmers and fewer than two female swimmers in any other event.

Preview

Due to a combination of the venue, Beijing National Aquatics Center (better known as the "Water Cube"), which was claimed to be built to increase the speed of the swimmerscite web|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93478073|title=China's Olympic Swimming Pool: Redefining Fast|publisher=National Public Radio|date=2008-08-10|accessdate=2008-08-30] , and the recently introduced LZR Racer swim suits, which had been proven to give the swimmer a lower time by 1.9 to 2.2%cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fd20080810pb.html|title=Celebrity Rules as the Olympics strays far from its ideal|publisher=The Japan Times|date=2008-08-10|accessdate=2008-08-30] , some analysts were predicting that many fast times and world records would be set in all the swimming events. [cite web|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/olympics/beijing/swimming/news?slug=je-predictions080708&prov=yhoo&type=lgns|title=Five swim predictions: Aussie women strong|publisher=Yahoo Sports|date=2008-08-07|accessdate=2008-09-03]

As with almost every event that he entered in at the 2008 Summer Olympics, Michael Phelps was the favorite to win the men's 100 metre butterfly. Since winning the gold medal at the previous Games, in Athens, Phelps had demonstrated his superiority in this event, by also becoming world champion at the Melbourne 2007 World Championships, and achieving victory at the United States Olympic Trials. Therefore, the 100 metre butterfly was one of the eight Olympic events where Phelps was attempting to win a gold medal.cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SPORT/08/17/phelps.history.eight.golds/|title=Phelps wins historic eighth gold medal|publisher=CNN|date=2008-08-18|accessdate=2008-08-26] Going into the event, Phelps' compatriot Ian Crocker was seen as the swimmer with the best chance of beating Phelps. Crocker beat Phelps' 100 metre butterfly world record in 2003, and had since lowered it twice: once at the 2004 United States Olympic trials, and then at the 2005 World Championships in Montreal.cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/04/sports/olympics/04swimmer.html?ref=sports|title=Crocker Enjoying His Ride to Beijing |publisher=New York Times|date=2008-08-04|accessdate=2008-08-30] Before the Olympics, Crocker and Phelps held the seventeen fastest times ever in the event. In 2004, Crocker was the favorite in the men's 100 metre butterfly, but lost to Phelps by four one-hundredths of a second. This victory gave Phelps the right to swim in the final of the 4 × 100 metre medley relay, however he gave up the spot to Crocker, and took his turn in the semifinals. Although holding the world record, Crocker had lost the last four times that he was up against Phelps in the 100 metre butterfly, including the 2008 United States Olympic Trials. Some thought that Crocker was not in the same shape that he was when we broke the world record, including Canadian Broadcasting Company (CBC) analyst Byron MacDonald who said that "If he's (Crocker) going to beat Phelps in Beijing, Crocker has to get close to his world record time of 50.40. He just hasn't shown it [he] can do it this year".

Another threat to Phelps' goal was Serbia's Milorad Čavić. In Athens 2004, Čavić was leading in a semifinal of the 100 metre butterfly, but right after his final turn, his suit opened at the neck and sucked in water, causing Čavić to finish last with a time of 53.12 seconds.cite web|url=http://www.ocregister.com/articles/cavic-phelps-olympic-2125547-won-games|title=Controversial O.C. Serb could spoil Phelps' gold rush|publisher=OC Register|date=2008-08-14|accessdate=2008-08-30] At the 2008 European Championships, Čavić won the men's 50 metre butterfly and was the heavy favorite to win at twice that distance, but was suspended for wearing a "Kosovo is Serbia" t-shirt on the medal podium. American swimmer Gary Hall Jr. told "The New York Times" that although "Mike (Phelps) has been saying he’s going to win the 100 fly at the Olympics for the last year", he thought that Čavić would be the winner.cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/17/sports/olympics/17cavic.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&adxnnlx=1220069983-ywSkM9szweHRFixoZSEjNQ|title=Cavic Finds a Personal Triumph in the Narrowest of Defeats |publisher=New York Times|date=2008-08-16|accessdate=2008-08-29]

Other possible medal contenders included Andriy Serdinov of Ukraine, who had won the Olympic bronze medal in 2004,cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/olympics/contenders/story/2008/07/30/f-olympics-cont-aquatics-swimming-m10mbutterfly.html|title=Men's 100-metre Butterfly|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Company|date=2008-08-12|accessdate=2008-08-30] and Venezuelan Albert Subriats, a bronze medalist at the 2007 World Championships and seen as a potential spoiler, if he could match or improve on his 51.82 time, in Beijing.

Competition

Heats

The heats began on August 14, at 19:57 local time (CST or UTC+8). [cite web |url=http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRM/ENG/Schedule/SW_2008-08-14.shtml |title=Competition information – Swimming (August 14) |work=Official website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games |publisher=The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad |accessdate=2008-09-02] There were nine preliminary heats, but all sixteen qualifiers came from the last five heats. Only three swimmers participated in the first heat, which was won by Andrejs Duda of Latvia with a time of 55.20 seconds. Heats 2, 3, and 4 were won by Shaune Fraser (Cayman Islands), Rimvydas Salcius (Lithuania), and Jakob Schioett Andkjaer (Denmark), respectively. Salcius, Jeremy Knowles (Bahamas), and Alon Mandel (Israel) all broke their countries' previous records, while in heat 4, Andkjaer, Michal Rubáček of the Czech Republic, Sotirios Pastras of Greece, and Ioan Stefan Gherghel of Romania also set new national records.
South African Lyndon Ferns was the first swimmer to qualify for the semifinals, winning heat 5 with a time of 52.04 seconds, while national records were broken by Mario Todorović (Croatia), Simão Morgado (Portugal), and Douglas Lennox-Silva (Puerto Rico).
Sergii Breus (Ukraine) and Shi Feng (China), finished first and second in heat 6, with times of 51.82 and 51.87 seconds, respectively, that allowed them to reach the semifinals. Five of the eight swimmers in heat 7 advanced as well, including Jason Dunford (Kenya), Andrew Lauterstein (Australia), Takuro Fujii (Japan), Frederick Bousquet (France), and Ryan Pini (Papua New Guinea). Dunford, with a 51.14 time, set a new Olympic record, beating Phelps' previous record of 51.25 seconds, achieved in the final of the 100 metre butterfly in Athens; he also set new African and Kenyan records. Andrew Lauterstein's 51.37 time was a new Oceanic and Australian best. Takuro Fujii set a Japanese and an Asian record with his 51.50 time.The swimmers qualifying from heat 8 were Albert Subirats Altes (Venezuela), Corney Swanepoel (New Zealand), and Ian Crocker (United States). Records broken in the this heat included the South American and Venezuelan records (by Altes), and the New Zealand record (by Swanepoel). Heat 9 was the fastest one, with Milorad Čavić (Serbia), Michael Phelps (United States), Andrii Serdinov (Ukraine), Peter Mankoč (Slovenia), and Kaio de Almeida (Brazil) all earning spots in the next round. Čavić, the heat's winner with a 50.76 time, beat the Olympic record set by Dunford two heats earlier, thus also setting a new European and Serbian record. Serdinov and Mankoč also managed to break their national records.

emifinals

The semifinals were held on August 15 and started at 11:26 CST. [cite web |url=http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRM/ENG/Schedule/SW_2008-08-15.shtml |title=Competition information – Swimming (August 15) |work=Official website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games |publisher=The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad |accessdate=2008-09-02] The first semifinal was won by Michael Phelps with a time of 50.97 seconds. Other three swimmers qualified from this semifinal: Andrew Lauterstein (51.27 seconds), Jason Dunford (51.33 seconds), and Ryan Pini (51.62 seconds). Surpisingly, Albert Subirats Altes, the bronze medalist at the 2007 World Championships, failed to qualify, after finishing in the sixth place. Also missing the cut was the host nation's representative Shi Feng, Segii Breus, and Kaio de Almeida. The second semifinal was won in 50.92 seconds by Milorad Čavić, once again. The remaining three qualifiers were Ian Crocker (51.27 seconds), Andriy Serdinov (51.41 seconds), and Takuro Fujii (51.59 seconds). New time bests set in the semifinals included the Oceanic and Australian records (set by Lauterstein), and the Chinese record (set by Shi).

Final

The final took place on August 16, at 10:10 CST. [cite web |url=http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRM/ENG/Schedule/SW_2008-08-16.shtml |title=Competition information – Swimming (August 16) |work=Official website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games |publisher=The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad |accessdate=2008-09-02] Before the race, Milorad Čavić made headlines by saying in an interview that it would be better for swimming if he beat Phelps. Phelps' coach Bob Bowman used the quote to provide motivation to his protégé. In an interview, Phelps said that doubters like Čavić "fires me up more than anything, I always welcome comments. It definitely motivates me even more." Almost immediately after the race started, Čavić took the lead with Phelps getting off to a slow start. At the turn, Čavić was first, followed by Ian Crocker,cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/beijing/swimming/2008-08-15-phelps-100-butterfly_N.htm|title=Phelps wins 100 m butterfly thriller to tie Spitz's record|publisher=USA Today|date=2008-08-15|accessdate=2008-08-27] while Phelps made the split in seventh place, just 0.62 seconds behind Čavić. As the two approached the finish, Čavić tried to coast to the wall on one last stroke, while Phelps, who had misjudged the end, took an extra half-stroke, causing both competitors to touch the wall at almost exactly the same time.cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/16/sports/olympics/16swim.html?_r=1&oref=slogin|title=Phelps Wins 7th Gold With 0.01 to Spare|publisher=New York Times|date=2008-08-15|accessdate=2008-08-26] It turned out that Phelps had actually finished one one-hundredth of a second ahead of Čavić, with a time of 50.58 seconds.cite web|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/olympics/beijing/swimming/news?slug=ap-swm-swimming&prov=ap&type=lgns|title=It’s 8: Phelps passes Spitz with another gold|publisher=Yahoo! Sports|date=2008-08-17|accessdate=2008-08-26] Phelps even admitted that, at first, he thought the extra stroke he took had cost him the gold medal, until he looked at the scoreboard displaying the results.cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/olympics/2008/08/15/phelps.100.butterfly.ap/|title=Phelps ties Spitz's record with seventh gold medal ... just barely|publisher=Sports Illustrated|date=2008-08-16|accessdate=2008-08-26] Andrew Lauterstein won the bronze medal, also beating Crocker by one one-hundredth of a second.

Several records were broken at the final. For the first time at the 2008 Summer Olympics, Phelps did not break the current world record in a final, finishing eighteen one-hundredths of a second behind team-mate Crocker's 50.40-second world record from 2005; he did though set a new Olympic record. Three continental records were broken in the final, with Fujii setting a new Asian record, Čavić a new European record, and Lauterstein a new Oceanic record.cite web|url=http://www.scmsom.se/records/events/100%20m%20Butterfly%20Men%20Long%20Course.htm|title=100 m Butterfly Long Course|publisher=scmsom|date=|accessdate=2008-08-26] Although he finished last, swimmer Ryan Pini made history as the first swimmer from Papua New Guinea to swim in an Olympic final, and even received a call from the prime minister Michael Somare congratulating him.cite web|url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/stories/200808/s2337520.htm?tab=sport|title=PNG swimmer makes history|publisher=Radio Australia|date=2008-08-19|accessdate=2008-08-26] Most notably though, Phelps won his seventh gold medal at these Games, tying Mark Spitz's record for most gold medals won at a single Olympic Games. For being able to emulate Spitz's record, Speedo, a sponsor of Michael Phelps, awarded him a US$1 million bonus, which had already been offered to him at the 2004 Summer Olympics, under the same conditions. After the final, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) arranged a joint interview with Phelps and Spitz, where Spitz praised Phelps' effort, telling him that "what you did tonight was epic" and even though at one point, Phelps was more than half a second behind Čavić, Spitz "never thought for one moment you (Phelps) were out of that race."

Protest

Almost immediately after the end of the race, the Serbian team filed a protest claiming that Čavić touched the wall first but did not use enough force to trigger the timing sensor.cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/topics/sports/beijing2008/story.html?id=4dc5030e-13f8-4091-902e-d671d919cdc2|title=Phelps wins gold; Serbians protest result|publisher=Canada.com|date=2008-08-15|accessdate=2008-08-26] Officials of the International Swimming Federation (FINA) watched the video in slow motion, and announced that Phelps' victory would be upheld. Ben Ekumbo, a FINA referee announced that "It's very clear that the Serbian swimmer touched second after Michael Phelps." Although Serbia conceded their protest, not everyone was convinced that Phelps had won the gold medal; Branislav Jevtic, Serbia's deputy chef de mission for all sports, was quoted as saying "In my opinion, it's not right, but we must follow the rules. Everybody saw what happened." In one interview after the race Čavić said that he is "completely happy with where I am", while in another he revealed that he expects that "People will be bringing this up for years and saying you (Čavić) won that race. If we got to do this again, I would win it".

Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were:World Olympic Record
world_athlete = flagathlete|Ian Crocker|USA
world_mark = 50.40 s
world_place = Montreal, Canada
world_date = 30 July 2005
world_ref = cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/records/results_uk.asp?DIS_S_CODE=SW&GET_C_ID=M&GET_C_OL=&GET_C_WO=1&EVT_S_CODE=021&RESULT=TRUE |title=Olympic and World Records. Swimming: 100 m butterfly - Progression |publisher=International Olympic Committee |accessdate=2008-09-04]
olympic_athlete = flagIOCathlete|Michael Phelps|USA|2004 Summer
olympic_mark = 51.25 s
olympic_place = Athens, Greece
olympic_date = 16 August 2004
olympic_ref =

The following records were established during the competition:

Semifinals

Final

ee also

* Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Men's 100 metre butterfly
* Swimming at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships - Men's 100 m butterfly
* Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics
* Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's 100 metre butterfly

References

External links

* [http://olympics.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/16/the-phelps-cavic-photo-finish/ Phelps-Čavić Finish Photos] by Sports Illustrated
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZeSLeItHsM Associated Press report] on YouTube
*