Julio César Chaves

Infobox artist
bgcolour = silver
imagesize = 200px
birthdate = November 27 1907
location = Asunción
deathdate = February 20 1989
deathplace = Asunción
nationality = Paraguayan
field = Historian
works = "El presidente López", "El supremo dictador"

Julio Cesar Chaves was a Paraguayan historian. [This "Chaves" is with “S” according to the work of Augusto Roa Bastos, "Yo el supremo".]

He had an important action in the Chaco War, in disseminating information and propaganda. He was appointed to carry out important tasks during the governments of his time.

Life

Born in the city of Asunción November 27, 1907, He was one of the core historians of Paraguay and transcendental figure of the culture of that country. The work he did gave a major boost to the national historiography.

He belonged to the so-called "Generation 1925," along with other eminent personalities like Efraím Cardozo Hipolito Sanchez Quell and R. Antonio Ramos. His study on the doctor Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia, become the book "The Supreme dictator", is regarded today as the most comprehensive, objective and serious matter. He was also professor, diplomat and politician. During the Chaco War played a major role in promoting information and media.

He studied primary and secondary college in San Jose and the National College and earned his doctorate in the year 1929, after defending his thesis on the Monroe Doctrine (the chairman of the U.S. James Monroe proclaimed in 1823 which became known as his "doctrine", summarized in the phrase " America for the Americans," a U.S. unilateral declaration based on two principles: preventing colonization of the continent by European powers to intervene and stop them in the newly independent colonies).

His Family

His uncle was Mr. Federico Chaves, who was president between the years 1949 and 1954, and brother of prominent personalities of national policy, as Hugo, Herman and Juan Ramon Chaves, the latter was president of Colorado Party for many years. Julio César had military couple in Colorado Party until in the year 1973 joined the Liberal Party.

His service to the Country

During the Chaco War, worked at the "Second Department," (Report), first under the command of Tomás Romero Pereira and then as chief until the end of the contest.

In 1934, in mid-July, for the express request of President Eusebio Ayala and the general José Félix Estigarribia, organized (keeping the head of Department II) Directorate Press and Propaganda (popularly known as Radio Press), which was presented in the form of daily bulletins, whose work had a great impact nationally and internationally and served to raise morale and undermine the spirit Paraguayan Bolivian.

It was also after the war, the civil fiscal year 1936, and deputy national, 1938. At that time active military in the Liberal Youth Club, along with young people as Efraím Cardozo Carlos Pastore, Horacio Fernandez, Juan G. Peroni, Villagra Maffiodo Salvador, Francisco Sapena, Emilio Saguier Aceval, Pedro R. Espínola, Paul Max Ynsfrán, Alejandro Marin Churches, Artemio Mereles, Juan B. Wasmosy, among others. This was the group that launched and supported the presidential candidacy of General José Félix Estigarribia in the year 1939, imposed on the criterion of liberal old guard who wanted a civilian president.

In the year 1939, Chaves was sent as minister Bolivia and then 1940, Peru as an ambassador. With the assumption of General Higinio Morínigo as president of the republic after the death of Estigarribia, who took exile in Buenos Aires from the year 1941.

You could say that was among the exiles more profitable for the country because there Chaves began to develop the best part of your wonderful work historiography.

Chaves was also president of the Academy of Paraguayan history since 1956 until 1973 and then 1984 1986, and the Academia de la Lengua Española from 1975 until his death. He was also president of the PEN Club and the Paraguayan Institute of Hispanic Culture, as well as a member of academies and institutes from countries and the American Institute of History of Madrid and the Royal Academy of Arts of the Spanish capital. He was a lecturer in various Latin American capitals and major cultural centers of Europe.

Works

In the year 1936 wrote "El Chaco in adjustments for Peace" (unpublished), 1937 edited "History of relations between Buenos Aires and Paraguay."

Then:

*“El supremo dictador, Castelli”.
*“El adalid de mayo”
*“San Martín y Bolívar en Guayaquil”
*“El presidente López”
*“Vida y obra de Don Carlos”
*“El General Díaz”
*“Biografía del vencedor de Curupayty”
*“Compendio de historia paraguaya”
*“Compendio de historia americana”
*“Unamuno y América”
*“Historia del descubrimiento y conquista del Río de la Plata y el Paraguay”
*“Itinerario de Antonio Machado”
*“Túpac Amaru”
*“La causa de la independencia americana”.

During the War

Dr. Julio Cesar Chaves creator is not a monograph was published, but it was on the important action that took into the Chaco War, this is a valuable document on the work that you quote the Second Department and the Directorate of Press and Propaganda who depended directly from the Command in Chief of the Armed Forces in operations.

The first was organized by the then mayor Tomás Romero Pereira, supported by Chaves, and made even military intelligence tasks, and the second organization depended directly on the orders of Chaves said the president Eusebio Ayala, who mandated to carry out daily bulletins to counter propaganda Bolivian. According himself Chaves, these bulletins "were captured by the main radiotelegraph stations in the country and the Americans following countries: Bolivia Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Peru.”

The same president Ayala wrote the first three materials as a model. The first alluded to the Chilean mercenaries in the Bolivian army, the second to the superiority of the Paraguayan soldier morale on the Bolivian, and the third to the resources expended by the struggle over Bolivia's Chaco. Prisoners Bolivians were very valuable as a source of information for these bulletins, which made deterioration in the minds of enemy combatants’ side, as acknowledged after the war Colonel David Toro, a prominent Bolivian leader.

Death

Chaves died in Asunción on February 20 1989, a few months after his 81st birthday.

Notes

References

* Biographical Dictionary "forgers OF PARAGUAY," First Edition January 2000. Distributed editions of Quevedo. Buenos Aires, Argentina.
* EVP - Wikipedia
* [http://www.evp.edu.py/index.php?title=Portada Enciclopedia Virtual Paraguaya - Portal ]

External links

* [http://www.bvp.org.py/biblio_htm/chaves_fs_lopez/chaves_fs_lopez.pdf Virtual Library]