Vitis aestivalis

Vitis aestivalis

Taxobox
name = "Vitis aestivalis"


image_width = 240px
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Vitales
familia = Vitaceae
genus = "Vitis"
species = "V. aestivalis"
binomial = "Vitis aestivalis"
binomial_authority = Michx.

"Vitis aestivalis" (Summer Grape) is a species of grape native to eastern North America from southern Ontario east to Vermont, west to Oklahoma, and south to Florida and Texas.Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?311851 "Vitis aestivalis"] ] It is a vigorous vine, growing to 10 m or more high in trees. The leaves are 7–20 cm long, suborbicular, and usually a little broader than long; they are variable in shape, from unlobed to deeply three- or five-lobed, green above, and densely hairy below. The flowers are produced in a dense panicle 5–15 cm long. The fruit is a small grape 5–14 mm diameter, dark purple or black in color.Oklahoma University: [http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/shrub/viaea2.htm "Vitis aestivalis"] ]

There are four varieties:
*"Vitis aestivalis" var. "aestivalis".
*"Vitis aestivalis" var. "bicolor" Deam (syn. var. "argentifolia" Fernald; Silverleaf Grape), formerly called "Vitis bicolor", but now considered a northern variation of "Vitis aestivalis". Native range is in the Northeastern United States and parts of Southern Ontario.
*"Vitis aestivalis" var. "lincecumii" (Buckley) Munson.
*"Vitis aestivalis" var. "bourquiniana", native to the south, sometimes called "Vitis bourquiniana", has tomentose undersides to the leaves.

Cultivation and uses

Several cultivars have been selected, including 'Norton', a cultivar with a substantial "V. aestivalis" background, is believed to be the oldest American grape cultivar in commercial production.

Selections of "V. aestivalis" such as Norton, and inter-hybrids made with the species have shown several useful traits for commercial wine production when compared other North American native grape varieties. These traits include: lower acidity, neutral, "vinifera-like" flavour profile, good tannin structure, and excellent disease resistance.

Unlike most other species in genus "vitis", "V. aestivalis" does not propagate well through dormant cuttings. This has been a limiting factor for its use in commercial viticulture despite the species' promising oenological characteristics. Propagation of "V. aestivalis" specimens must typically be made through layering or through green cuttings. The species typically does not tolerate highly calcareous soils. Appellation America: [http://wine.appellationamerica.com/grape-varietal/Norton-%7C-Cynthiana.html "Norton / Cynthiana"] ]

It has been claimed that a variety of Vitis aestivalis was cultivated by the Cherokees and used in some of their sacred rituals.cite book | author= Mooney, James | title=History, Myths, and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees| publisher=Historical Images | year=1992 | id=ISBN 0-914875-19-1]

References

ee also

*American wine
*Missouri wine
*New York wine

External links

* [http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Plant.asp?code=A702 "Vitis aestivalis" 'Norton'] , from a Missouri Botanical Gardens website
* [http://www.senate.state.mo.us/03INFO/bills/SB651.htm Official state grape of Missouri] , from a Missouri General Assembly website


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  • VITIS AESTIVALIS MICHX. - ВИНОГРАД ЛЕТНИЙ — см. 604. Кустарник. V. aestivalis Michx. В. летний Fl. Bor. Amer. 2 (1803) 230. Hedrick (1919) 318. Ампелография 1 (1946) 55, 90, рис. S у n. Vitis boruquina Munson; V. labrusca var. aestivalis Rgl. V. vinifera var. aestivalis O. Ktze.; V.… …   Справочник растений

  • Vitis aestivalis — ID 88570 Symbol Key VIAE Common Name summer grape Family Vitaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Native to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution AL, AR, CA, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO,… …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis — ID 88571 Symbol Key VIAEA2 Common Name summer grape Family Vitaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Native to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution AL, AR, CA, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, MO, MS, NC, NE …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Vitis aestivalis var. bicolor — ID 88578 Symbol Key VIAEB Common Name summer grape Family Vitaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Native to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution AL, CT, DE, GA, IA, IL, IN, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Vitis aestivalis var. lincecumii — ID 88583 Symbol Key VIAEL Common Name long grape Family Vitaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Native to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution AR, LA, OK, TX Growth Habit Vine Duration …   USDA Plant Characteristics

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