Cornelia Phillips Spencer

Cornelia Phillips Spencer (March 20, 1825 - March 11, 1908) was a North Carolina, United States, poet, social historian, and journalist who was instrumental in reopening the University of North Carolina after a five-year shutdown during Reconstruction.

Biography

Cornelia Phillips was born March 20, 1825 in Harlem, New York City, New York, the youngest of three children born to James Phillips and Judith Vermeule Phillips. (Her brother Samuel F. Phillips served as United States solicitor general under President Ulysses S. Grant.) In 1826, James Phillips took a post as a mathematics professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

She married James Monroe Spencer in 1855 and moved to Alabama, where their only child, Julia (later known as June Spencer Love), was born in 1859. Spencer and her daughter returned to Chapel Hill after her husband's death in 1861, where she began her first book and wrote about the university for local newspapers. She published regular columns in The North Carolina Presbyterian and the Raleigh Sentinel.

She urged the North Carolina legislature to close the university in 1870 to protect the school from Reconstruction politics, later revealed to be her own disagreement with the politics of university leaders at the time.^[1][2]

After Reconstruction, she similarly urged on the school's reopening and, on March 20, 1875, Spencer climbed to the roof of the South Building and rung its bell to celebrate. She contributed to the university by writing hymns for special occasions, organizing community events, and keeping the alumni records. In 1895, she became the first woman to receive an honorary degree from the University.

Death and afterward

Cornelia Phillips Spencer died at her home in on March 11, 1908. She was interred in Old Chapel Hill Cemetery. Her collected papers are in the Southern Historical Collection at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.^[3] The university's Spencer Residence Hall is also named for her.

As part of the university's bicentennial activities, the Cornelia Phillips Spencer Bell Award was established. The award, given to a woman who has made outstanding contributions to the university, was awarded annually from 1994 until 2004, when it was retired following the discovery that Spencer espoused racist views, based on letters found in university archives, including opposing the admission of African American students.^[4][5] The University Awards for the Advancement of Women were created following the Bell Awards' retirement.

Published works

• The Last Ninety Days of the War in North Carolina (Watchman Publishing Company, 1866) digital edition
• Pen and ink sketches of the University of North Carolina, as it has been (c. 1869)
• A walk in October (Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies, 1882)
• First steps in North Carolina history (A. Williams & Co., 1889)

Posthumously:

• Old days in Chapel Hill, being the life and letters of Cornelia Phillips Spencer by Hope Summerell Chamberlain (University of North Carolina Press, 1926)
• The woman who rang the bell; the story of Cornelia Phillips Spencer by Phillips Russell (University of North Carolina Press, 1949)
• Selected papers (University of North Carolina Press, 1953)

References

1. ^ Chang, Tina (2002-03-21). "Students Protest Award as Racist". The Daily Tar Heel. http://media.www.dailytarheel.com/media/storage/paper885/news/2002/03/21/University/Students.Protest.Award.As.Racist-1347865.shtml. 
2. ^ Grinder, Dan (2004-10-04). "UNC takes glance at past". The Daily Tar Heel. http://www.dailytarheel.com/media/storage/paper885/news/2004/10/04/University/Unc-Takes.Glance.At.Past-1360587.shtml. 
3. ^ "Inventory of the Cornelia Phillips Spencer Papers, 1833-1975". http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/s/Spencer,Cornelia_Phillips.html. 
4. ^ Swofford, Stan (2005-01-22). "UNC-CH confronts its past in Bell dispute". The News & Record. "Whether Spencer would have used words as biting to describe Moeser is debatable. But she almost certainly would have had something to say last month when Moeser - responding to a graduate student's findings that Spencer espoused white supremacist views - retired the Cornelia Phillips Spencer Bell Award." 
5. ^ Alan Finder, In Desire to Grow, Colleges in South Battle With Roots, The New York Times, November 30, 2005.

External links

Biography portal

• Cornelia Phillips Spencer at Find a Grave
• Oral History Interview with Spencer's granddaughter, Cornelia Spencer Love from Oral Histories of the American South

Persondata
Name	Spencer, Cornelia Phillips
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	March 20, 1825
Place of birth
Date of death	March 11, 1908
Place of death