Farouk El-Baz

Infobox Scientist
name = Farouk El-Baz
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caption = Farouk El-Baz
birth_date = January 02, 1938
birth_place = Zagazig
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residence =
citizenship = Egypt
United States
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ethnicity = Egyptian
field = Geology
work_institutions = NASA
Boston University
alma_mater = Missouri University of Science and Technology
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known_for = Project Apollo
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prizes = NASA's Apollo Achievement Award, Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal; Certificate of Merit of the World Aerospace Education Organization; Republic of Egypt Order of Merit - First Class; 1989 Outstanding Achievement Award of the Egyptian American Organization; 1991 Golden Door Award of the International Institute of Boston
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Dr. Farouk El-Baz ( _ar. فاروق الباز) is an Egyptian American scientist who worked with NASA to assist in the planning of scientific exploration of the Moon, including the selection of landing sites for the Apollo missions and the training of astronauts in lunar observations and photography.

Currently, Dr. El-Baz is Research Professor and Director of the Center for Remote Sensing at Boston University, Boston MA, U.S.A. He is Adjunct Professor of Geology at the Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. He is also a member of the Board of Trustees of the Geological Society of America Foundation, Boulder, CO, and a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC.

Biography

He was born on January 2, 1938 in the Nile Delta town of Zagazig. At the age of 20, he received a B.Sc. in Chemistry and Geology from Ain Shams University. In 1961, he received a M.S. degree in Geology from the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy (now Missouri University of Science and Technology). In 1964 he received a PhD in Geology from the Missouri University of Science and Technology [UMR Public Relations, 2004. Farouk El-Baz receives honorary degree from UMR. News@Missouri S&T. Available at: http://news.mst.edu/news/2004/544.html [accessed 06:00:00 11, 2008] .] [Dr. Farouk El-Baz. “Dr. Farouk El-Baz B I O G R A P H Y.” http://www.bu.edu/remotesensing/Faculty/El-Baz/FEBbio.html (accessed January 11, 2008).] after conducting research in 1962-1963 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge MA. In 1989, he received an Honorary Doctor of Science degree from the New England College, Henniker, NH; in 2002 a Professional Degree from Missouri S&T; in 2003 an Honorary Ph.D. from Mansoura University in Egypt; in 2004 a Doctor of Laws degree from the American University in Cairo; and in 2004 an Honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from Missouri S&T.

Post-Doctorate

Dr. El-Baz taught Geology at Assiut University, Egypt (1958-1960) and the University of Heidelberg, Germany (1964-1965). He joined the Pan American - U.A.R. Oil Company in 1966, where he participated in the discovery of El-Morgan, the first offshore oil field in the Gulf of Suez.

NASA

From 1967 to 1972, Dr. El-Baz participated in the Apollo Program as Supervisor of Lunar Science Planning at Bellcomm Inc., a division of AT&T that conducted systems analysis for NASA. During these six years, he was secretary of the "Landing Site Selection Committee" for the Apollo lunar landing missions, "Principal Investigator of Visual Observations and Photography", and chairman of the "Astronaut Training Group". His outstanding teaching abilities were confirmed by the Apollo astronauts. While orbiting the Moon for the first time during Apollo 15, Command Module Pilot Alfred Worden said, "After the King's [Farouk's nickname] training, I feel like I've been here before." [ [http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1169545087624&pagename=Zone-English-HealthScience%2FHSELayout Farouk El-Baz: With Apollo to the Moon] , IslamOnline]

Also during the Apollo program, Dr. El-Baz joined NASA officials in briefing members of the press on the results of the lunar missions. His ability to simplify scientific jargon made his remarks on the program's scientific accomplishments often quoted by the media.

Post-Apollo

After the Apollo Program ended in 1972, Dr. El-Baz joined the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC to establish and direct the Center for Earth and Planetary Studies at the National Air and Space Museum. At the same time, he was elected as a member of the "Lunar Nomenclature Task Group" of the International Astronomical Union. In this capacity, he continues to participate in naming features of the Moon as revealed by lunar photographic missions.

In 1973, NASA selected him as Principal Investigator of the "Earth Observations and Photography Experiment" on the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), the first joint American-Soviet space mission of July 1975. Emphasis was placed on photographing arid environments, particularly the Great Sahara of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, in addition to other features of the Earth and its oceans.

Emphasizing the study of the origin and evolution of arid landscapes, he collected field data during visits to every major desert in the world. One of his significant journeys took place soon after the United States and China had normalized relations in 1979, when he coordinated the first visit by American scientists to the deserts of northwestern China. The six-week journey was chronicled in the National Geographic and the Explorers Journal. His research on the origin and evolution of the desert resulted in his election as Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).

From 1982 until he joined Boston University in 1986, he was Vice President of Itek Optical Systems of Lexington MA. During these years he supervised the utilization of the Space Shuttle's "Large Format Camera" photographs.

During the past 20 years, in his research at Boston University, Dr. El-Baz utilizes satellite images to better understand the origin and evolution of desert landforms. He is credited with providing evidence that the desert is not man-made, but the result of major climatic variations. His research uncovered numerous sand-buried rivers and streams in the Sahara based on the interpretation of radar images. These former water courses lead into depressions in the terrain, which he theorized must host groundwater. His analysis of these data resulted in the location of groundwater in the arid terrains of Egypt, Oman and the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), and perhaps Darfur in Sudan [ [http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSN1830279020070718 "Underground lake may bring Darfur peace: scientist"] by Tanzina Vega, "Reuters", July 18, 2007] (unless it dried up) [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6908224.stm Ancient Darfur lake 'is dried up'] , BBC, July 20, 2007] .

Dr. El-Baz was elected Fellow of the Geological Society of America, the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World TWAS, and to the National Academy of Engineering (USA). In 1999, the Geological Society of America Foundation (GSAF) established the "Farouk El-Baz Award for Desert Research," to annually reward excellence in arid land studies. In 2007 the GSAF also established "Farouk El-Baz Student Research Award" to encourage desert research.

He is married, has four daughters, and six grandchildren.

Additional Notes

* The popular science fiction television program "" featured a shuttlecraft named "El-Baz."

* In a National Geographic documentary film in 2002, El-Baz proposed a new source for the shape of The Pyramids at Giza. El-Baz believes that the ancient Egyptians chose to bury their dead in pyramid shaped structures because they knew from an earlier nomadic life that monumental pyramidal landforms which abound in the Western Desert of Egypt, and evade erosion.

* In Episode 10 ("Galileo Was Right") of the TV series "From the Earth to the Moon", (produced by Tom Hanks for HBO), his role in the training of the Apollo astronauts was featured in a segment entitled "The Brain of Farouk El-Baz." He was portrayed by actor Isa Totah.

* In 1978 Dr. El-Baz was appointed Science Adviser to President Anwar Sadat of Egypt. He was charged with the selection of regions for land reclamation in the desert without detrimental affects on the environment. For his distinguished service, President Sadat awarded him Egypt's "Order of Merit - First Class."

* He is the recipient of numerous honors and awards, including: the Golden Door Award of the International Institute of Boston; the Nevada Medal of the Desert Research Institute, and the Pioneer Award of the Arab Thought Foundation.

References