Riohacha

Infobox City
official_name = Riohacha
nickname =
motto =


imagesize = 250px
image_caption = View of the beach front.

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mapsize = 250px
map_caption = Location of Riohacha in the Department of La Guajira. Municipality (dark gray), city (red).
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_type1 = Region
subdivision_type2 = Department
subdivision_name = Colombia
subdivision_name1 = Caribbean
subdivision_name2 = La Guajira
leader_title = Mayor
leader_name = Jaider Curiel Choles (C) [ [http://www.registraduria.gov.co/reselec2007_esc/1028/x.html es icon Colombian Registry of the Civil State: 2007 election results] ]

established_title = Foundation
established_date = 1535
area_magnitude =
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area_total_km2 =
area_land_sq_mi =
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area_water_sq_mi =
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area_urban_sq_mi =
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area_metro_sq_mi =
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population_as_of = 2005
population_note =
population_total = 169311
population_footnotes = [ [http://www.ocaribe.org/downloads/grupos/economia_competitividad/estudio_zif_guajira_venezuela.pdf es icon Observatorio del Caribe Colombiano: Grupo Regional de investigación en economía y competitividad en el Caribe colombiano by Weildler Guerra, Paola Quintero, Jorge Quintero and Ana María Maldonado] ]
population_metro =
population_urban = 91906
population_density_km2 =
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timezone =
utc_offset = -5
timezone_DST =
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latd= |latm= |lats= |latNS=
longd= |longm= |longs= |longEW=
elevation_m = 5
elevation_ft =
website =
[http://www.alcaldiaderiohacha.gov.co/ www.alcaldiaderiohacha.gov.co]
footnotes = ^*Riohacha metropolitan area is yet to be determined.

Riohacha, Rio Hacha or Rio de la Hacha ( _en. River of the Axe - Wayuu: "Süchiimma"), is a city and municipality in the northern Caribbean Region of Colombia by the mouth of the Ranchería River and the Caribbean sea, capital city of the Department of La Guajira. Founded by Conqueror Nikolaus Federmann in 1535, Riohacha was named after a local legend "The legend of the Axe". The area is mostly desertic and inhabited by Amerindians, predominantly by members of the Wayuu ethnic group. During colonial times Riohacha was a very important port due to findings of vast amounts of pearls. In recent years the city became one of Colombia's medium importance maritime commercial ports as well as a multicultural center for the Department. It is mentioned several times in the novel "One Hundred Years of Solitude", and seven times in the novel "Chronicle of a Death Foretold", both written by Gabriel García Márquez.

Geography

The Municipality is located in the southwestern part of La Guajira Department and is bordered by the municipality of Dibulla to the west, the Caribbean sea to the northwest, the municipality of Manaure to the north, the Municipalities of Maicao and Albania to the east, the municipalities of Hatonuevo, Barrancas, Distracción, Fonseca to the southeast and San Juan del Cesar to the south.

History

The Riohacha area was inhabited by American Indians of the Wayuu culture, part of the larger Arawak group. The territory was "discovered" by Spanish sailor Alonso de Ojeda in 1498, though he never landed. A short time later, Juan de la Cosa, another Spanish explorer, landed on what is today called Cabo de la Vela (Cape of the Sail, so called because of its shape). In 1535, the German explorer Nikolaus Federmann founded a city with the name "Nuestra Señora Santa Maria de los Remedios del Cabo de la Vela" (Our Lady Saint Mary of the Remedies of the Cape of the Sail) at the place de la Cosa landed.

The Spanish discovered a vast amount of pearls in the city's area, which made the city a constant target for pirates. After the city was destroyed by a pirate raid, the city government relocated the city to the mouth of the Rancheria River, in order to confuse the pirates, and hopefully give the city time to rebuild before the next attack. The new city, named "Nuestra Señora de los Remedios del Río de la Hacha" (Our Lady of the Remedies of the Ax River), expanded peacefully for a short time in its new location, but pirate attacks soon resumed. The next major attack, led by the famous English pirate Francis Drake, took place in 1596, when Drake pillaged the city searching for gold and pearls.

During its period of independence from Spain, the port of Riohacha served many vessels fighting the Spanish for Colombian and Venezuelan independence. Many Riohachans also served in the revolutionary navy, most notably Admiral José Prudencio Padilla, who would come to be considered a hero in the revolutions of Colombia and Venezuela.

In the 18th century, Riohacha was incorporated to the Viceroyalty of New Granada as part of the province of Santa Marta.

In 1954, Riohacha City acquired municipality status, and in 1964 was declared capital of the new La Guajira Department.

Culture

*National Festival of the Dividivi, celebrated every year from June 29 to July 1, the last day celebrating the creation of the Department of La Guajira. [ [http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=44&COLTEM=215 es icon National System for Cultural Information: National Festival of the Dividivi] ]

Transportation

Riohacha has one airport, the Almirante Padilla Airport which covers a route from and to the Colombian capital city Bogotá and the near city of Valledupar.

References

External links

* [http://www.laguajira.gov.co/municipios/capital.htm es iconGobernacion de La Guajira - Riohacha]
* [http://www.alcaldiaderiohacha.gov.co/ es icon Riohacha official website]