Wesley Church, Perth

Wesley Church is located at 75 William Street, at its intersection with Hay Street, in Perth, Western Australia. It is one of the oldest church buildings and one of a small number of remaining colonial buildings of the nineteenth century in the City of Perth.cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=place_name%3Dwesley%2520church%3Bstate%3DWA%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=10310 |title=Wesley Church (former), 93 William St, Perth, WA, Australia |publisher=Australian Heritage Database |accessdate=2008-07-05]

Built form

Wesley Church is built of load bearing brick laid in Flemish bond in the Victorian academic gothic style and features a landmark spire, steeply pitched roofs, parapeted gables, label (hood) moulds and wall buttressing. The church has a strong verticality of form emphasised by tall lancet windows with plate tracery to the east facade. Angle buttresses divide the nave wall into five bays and the major windows have stucco label moulds above them. The bricks of the building, fired at uncertain temperatures in wood burning kilns, show a range of mellow tones and, laid in Flemish bond, create a chequerboard effect on the walls, which provides a decorative element to the walls of the building. The spire is 35 metres high with a weathercock at its point. The spire is surrounded by four smaller spires at its base which are capped by metal finials. The north-east tower replicates these smaller spires above the gable. The roof structure is made of hand sawn timber and the roof covering was originally shingles but, at some point the Church was re-roofed in clay tiles.

History

The first Methodists arrived in the Swan River Colony on February 3, 1830 aboard the Tranby, to found a small religious community six kilometres (four miles) upstream along the Swan River from the newly established town of Perth (approximately where the current suburb of Maylands is situated). [cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=place_name%3Dtranby%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=10399 |title=Tranby House, 2 Johnson Rd, Maylands, WA, Australia |publisher=Australian Heritage Database |accessdate=2008-07-05] The group was led by Joseph Hardey [cite web |url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A010467b.htm |title=Hardey, Joseph |publisher=Australian Biography Online |accessdate=2008-07-03] and John Wall Hardey, and included a surgeon, preacher, bricklayer, blacksmith, shoemaker, surveyor, hatter, midshipman and several farmers. [cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=place_name%3Dtranby%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=10399 |title=Tranby House, 2 Johnson Rd, Maylands, WA, Australia |publisher=Australian Heritage database |accessdate=2008-07-04] cite web |url=http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/DPS-CHAT/2000-10/0971842729 |title=Wesley Church |publisher=RootsWeb.com |accessdate=2008-07-04]

The site for the church was purchased from Mr. James Inkpen (the first recorded Methodist to arrive in the colony - having arrived in December, 1829 [cite web |url=http://www.aussieheritage.com.au/listings/wa/Fremantle/WesleyUnitingChurch/21867 |title=Wesley Uniting Church Fremantle |publisher=Aussie Heritage |accessdate=2008-07-04] ) at a cost of ₤400. The new church was the third Methodist place of worship to be built in the forty years in which the denomination had been established in the colony. The original church was subsequently used as a caretakers cottage, the second was used for Sunday School, then an armoury and then a store. George Shenton (another prominent Methodist, the first Mayor of Perth, and a Member of the Western Australian Legislative Council [cite web|url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A020398b.htm |title=Shenton, George |publisher=Australian Dictionary of Biography |accessdate=2008-07-04] ) had earlier suggested that the name of the church be Wesley Church, and promised £1,000 to establish the building fund, with Joseph Hardeycontributing a further ₤500.cite web|url=http://register.heritage.wa.gov.au/PDF_Files/CHURCHES%20-%20A-D/Wesley%20church%20%28P-AD%29.PDF |title=Wesley Church - Heritage Assessment |publisher=Heritage Council of Western Australia |accessdate=2008-07-04]

Wesley Church was designed by Richard Roach Jewell [cite web |url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A040543b.htm?hilite=jewell |title=Jewell, Richard Roach |publisher=Australian Biography Online |accessdate=2008-07-04] , an architect, circuit steward, clerk of colonial works and church member. Jewell was responsible for the design of a number of other prominent Perth buildings, including the Cloisters (1858), the Pensioner Barracks (1863), and extensions and alterations to Government House (1864) and Perth Town Hall (1870). Jewell designed Wesley Church in the fashionable Gothic revival style, a style which he successfully adapted in his other buildings. Jewell's plan for Wesley Church comprising the nave, chancel and bell tower with a tall and elegant spire, which was accepted with one alteration - the relocation of the bell tower from the north-east side to the south-east side.

The foundation stone was laid on Ocober 25, 1867 by Governor John Stephen Hampton [cite web |url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A010465b.htm?hilite=john%3Bstephen%3Bhampton |title=Hampton, John Stephen |publisher=Australian Biography Online |accessdate=2008-07-04] . The church was opened Sunday April 10, 1870 with services by Reverend William Lowe (who married Joseph Hardey's daughter Mary Jane), Reverend W Traylen and Reverend T.C Laurence. The total cost of the building was approximately ₤3,000 - a considerable sum for a church membership of 138 (with a quarterly income of a little over ₤66). The original bricks were made from local clay pits and the floor is made of jarrah. The church bell, originally hanging in the southern tower, came from the sailing ship, Tranby, which brought the original members of the congregation to the colony.In June 1875 the first church organ in the colony was installed at Wesley Church, a Bishop and Son instrument of two manuals and pedal with 15 speaking stops. [cite web |url=http://www.ohta.org.au/doc/articles/wa_intro.html |title=A short account of organs and organbuilding in Western Australia |publisher=Organ Historical Trust of Australia |accessdate=2008-07-04]

In 1880 a clergy vestry, choir vestry and organ loft were added to the Church at a cost of ₤385. In 1896 further alterations and additions were made, including the construction of the north-east tower (which buried the original foundation stone), the side galleries, the ceiling to the nave and the south-west porch. These alterations were undertaken by Talbot Hobbs (a prominent Perth based architect) [cite web |url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090322b.htm |title=Hobbs, Sir Joseph John Talbot |publisher=Australian Dictionary of Biography |accessdate=2008-07-04] at a cost of ₤1,150.

The Meckering earthquake of October, 1968 [cite web |url=http://www.seismicity.segs.uwa.edu.au/welcome/seismicity_of_western_australia/wa_historical/meckering |title=The Meckering Western Australia earthquake of October 1968 |publisher=Seismicity of Western Australia (UWA) |accessdate=2008-07-04] caused structural damage to the church's steeple. A decision was made to demolish the steeple but when approximately 30ft was removed, the remainder of the structure appeared secure and so a copper cone was placed on top to replace the damaged section. The bell was also removed from the tower as it was considered that the structure was too weak to support it's weight.cite web |url=http://www.aussieheritage.com.au/listings/wa/Perth/WesleyChurchformer/21863 |title=Wesley Church (former)|publisher=Aussie Heritage |accessdate=2008-07-04] The bell was then mounted on display outside on the Hay Street side of the church.

In 1974 redevelopment occurred on the north-west and south-west sides of the church site with the construction of the Wesley Arcade and Tower, which opened in May, 1976. During these developments a small chapel was constructed at the north-west corner of the church. Wesley Church continued to be used as an active centre of worship and in 1997 the Methodist congregation joined the Uniting Church of Australia. In 1985 the Church launched a restoration Fund, through the National Trust of Australia (WA) to restore the external brick walls, gables, parapets and high part of the tower brickwork. Restoration works were finally completed in mid 1987.

Current uses

The church is currently the home of the Wesley Congregation known as Wesley Mission Perth, a part of the Uniting Church in Australia.

Heritage value

The Wesley Church was entered into the Register of the National Estate by the Australian Heritage Commission on March 23, 1985 and classified by the National Trust of Australia (WA) on June 11, 1973. On May 23, 1995 it was placed on the permanent State Heritage Register. [cite web |url=http://register.heritage.wa.gov.au/viewplace.html?place_seq=2003&offset=0&view=regentries |title=Register of Heritage Places (Number 2003) "Wesley Church" |publisher=Heritage Council of Western Australia|accessdate=2008-07-04]

Further reading

* "Report on Wesley Church Restoration for Wesley Property Committee, Perth, Uniting Church in Australia" - Bodycoat, Ron (Duncan, Stephen and Mercer Architects, March 1983).
* "The Wesley Story, Centenary of Wesley Church, Perth, Western Australia 1870 - 1970" Lutton, W. (Perth, Wesley Church, 1970)
* "The People of Perth. A Social History of Western Australia's Capital City" Stannage, C. T. (City of Perth, Perth, 1979) ISBN 0-909994-86-2
* "Early Years of the Methodist Church in Western Australia" - C. A. Jenkins (Western Australian Historical Society, 1933)
* "The Methodist Church in Western Australia" - A. J. Sampson (University Studies in Western Australian History, October 1958)
* "Architects of Australia" - Howard Tanner (Macmillan 1981) ISBN 0-333-29929-9

References