Battle of Kirina

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Kirina
date= 1235
place=Kirina (coord|12.3063889 |-8.1516667|) in the Koulikoro Region, Mali, West Africa
result= Sundiata Keita's victory; Fall of Sosso; Creation of Mali Empire
combatant1=Sosso
combatant2=Mandinka
commander1=Sumanguru Kanté
commander2=Sundiata Keita

The Battle of Kirina also known as the Battle of Krina (c. 1235) was a confrontation between the Sosso king Sumanguru Kanté and the Mandinka prince Sundiata Keita. Sundiata Keita's forces roundly defeated those of Sumanguru Kanté, guaranteeing the pre-eminence of Keita's new Mali Empire over West Africa.

Prelude

By the late twelfth century, the formerly dominant Ghana Empire had collapsed, following the repeated invasions of the Almoravids in the eleventh century. A number of smaller neighboring states rushed to fill the power void, including the Sosso people of the Takrur region, and the Mandinka people of the Upper Niger. Under the leadership of Sumanguru Kanté, the Sosso seized Koumbi Saleh, former capital of the Ghana Empire, and expanded outward, conquering the Mandinka among others.

The battle

However, the exiled Mandinka prince Sundiata Keita organized a coalition of smaller kingdoms to oppose the growing power of the Sosso. The opposing armies met in the Koulikoro Region of what is now Mali in about 1235. Sundiata Keita's forces were victorious, and marched on to raze Sosso. The date is often cited as the beginning of the Mali Empire, which would control most of West Africa for the next two centuries.

Aftermath

The story of the battle is retold in the Epic of Sundiata, widely considered Mali's national epic. In it, Sumanguru Kanté is an evil sorcerer-king who oppresses the Mandinka people; however, when Sundiata discovers that his sacred animal is the rooster, he is able to wound Soumaoro Kanté with an arrow tipped by a cock's spur. The Sosso king then flees the field, disappearing into the Koulikoro mountains.

References

*Davidson, Basil. "Africa in History". New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.

External links

* [http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/sundiata.htm Summary of the Epic of Sundiata]
* [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/mansa/index.html Sundiata and Mansa Musa on the Web]
* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/ML/7/Kirina.html Falling Rain .com: the modern village of Kirina] .