St Margaret's Church, Rottingdean

Parish church
name=St Margaret, Rottingdean


caption=South face of the church
dedication=Margaret of Antioch
denomination=Church of England
tradition=
parish=Rottingdean, St Margaret
deanery=Rural Deanery of Brighton
archdeaconry=Chichester
diocese=Chichester
province=Canterbury
vicar=Revd Martin P. Morgan
organist=Christopher Stringer
warden=John Edwards
warden1=Sheila Grant
website= [http://www.stmargaret.org.uk/ www.stmargaret.org.uk]

St Margaret's Church is an Anglican church in Rottingdean, in the English city of Brighton and Hove. It is the parish church of the previously separate village of Rottingdean, which became part of the former Borough of Brighton in 1928.cite book |last=Dale |first=Antony |title=Brighton Churches |origyear=1989 |publisher=Routledge |location=London EC4 |isbn=0-415-00863-8 |pages=p208 ] Parts of the structure date from the 13th century, and it is a Grade II* listed building.cite web|title=Images of England — detailed record, Church of St Margaret, The Green (east side), Brighton|url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=481343&mode=quick|work=Images of England|publisher=English Heritage|year=2007|accessdate=2008-06-19]

History

The church is in the northeastern corner of the Green, the ancient heart of the village. A place of worship has stood in the position since the Saxon period, although there is disagreement over whether any part of the current structure is of Saxon origin. The Normans started building a cruciform church in the early 12th century, but its tower (located on the site of the Saxon building's chancel) collapsed during construction, destroying the new chancel and the transept, although the nave survived. By the early 13th century the chancel had been rebuilt and the nave extended by four bays. These were added to the south aisle, but this fell out of use after 1377 when the church and surrounding buildings were sacked by French invaders who had landed on the coast nearby. Damage to the west wall necessitated rebuilding at the same time, and the south aisle was blocked up.cite book |last=Dale |first=Antony |title=Brighton Churches |origyear=1989 |publisher=Routledge |location=London EC4 |isbn=0-415-00863-8 |pages=p209 ]

The church remained structurally unaltered until a major restoration in 1856 by Sir George Gilbert Scott. A new three-bay south aisle was built; Scott removed an ancient window from the original aisle and built it into one of the new walls. The chancel wall was also partly rebuilt at this time. Earlier in the 19th century, box pews and a gallery were added; Scott removed the gallery during his restoration.cite book |last=Dale |first=Antony |title=Brighton Churches |origyear=1989 |publisher=Routledge |location=London EC4 |isbn=0-415-00863-8 |pages=p210 ]

Additions in the 20th century comprised a porch at the west entrance, erected in 1908, and vestries in one corner of the nave, added in the 1970s in a style appropriate to the mediaeval architectural style of the church. A new gallery, at the west end of the nave and accommodating the organ, was also built in 1908; the original gallery had been on the south side. The bowl of the original Norman font was discovered in the vicarage garden; a replica was made in 1910, and the original bowl was displayed in the church.

Sir Edward Burne-Jones, Pre-Raphaelite artist and designer, is buried in the nave. His wife Georgiana, one of the MacDonald sisters, and their granddaughter, novelist Angela Thirkell, are also buried there.cite web|title=Rottingdean: St Margaret's Church|url=http://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/page_id__8724.aspx|accessdate=2008-06-20|publisher=My Brighton and Hove (c/o QueensPark Books)|date=2008-01-06|work=My Brighton and Hove website] cite book |last=Dale |first=Antony |title=Brighton Churches |origyear=1989 |publisher=Routledge |location=London EC4 |isbn=0-415-00863-8 |pages=p212 ] The ancient churchyard, extended in 1883, 1905 (with land donated by William Nevill, 1st Marquess of Abergavenny) and 1920, includes the graves of Scottish novelist William Black and music hall entertainer George Henry Elliott.

Lucy Ridsdale, daughter of Edward Ridsdale of The Dene, a house on the village green, married Stanley Baldwin in the church in 1892. He later served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on three occasions. The Baldwins donated a chair to the church in 1942; this stands in the chancel.cite book |last=Dale |first=Antony |title=Brighton Churches |origyear=1989 |publisher=Routledge |location=London EC4 |isbn=0-415-00863-8 |pages=p211 ]

Sir Edward Burne-Jones, who designed many of the stained glass windows in the church, lived at a house on the village green for 18 years until his death in 1898. He was the uncle of author and poet Rudyard Kipling, who moved to a nearby house (The Elms) in 1897. Kipling wrote many of the "Just So Stories" during his time there.cite web|title=Kipling's House, Rottingdean|url=http://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/page_id__5939.aspx|accessdate=2008-06-20|publisher=My Brighton and Hove (c/o QueensPark Books)|date=2006-03-22|work=My Brighton and Hove website]

In the early 20th century, a proposal was received from the developers of the Forest Lawn Memorial Park, a private cemetery in Glendale, California. They wanted to buy the church, dismantle it stone by stone, ship it to the United States and rebuild it in the park. A price was offered, but the sale was refused, so in the 1940s a series of drawings were made, and an exact replica was built instead.cite web|title=History—Part 2|url=http://www.stmargaret.org.uk/index.php?link=13|accessdate=2008-06-20|publisher=St Margaret's Church|year=2007|work=St Margaret's Church website] This was called the Church of the Recessional to commemorate Kipling's poem "Recessional".cite web|title=Glendale: Church of the Recessional|url=http://www.forestlawn.com/About-Forest-Lawn/Glendale-Church-Of-The-Recessional.asp|accessdate=2008-06-20|publisher=Forest Lawn Memorial-Park Association|year=2008|work=Forest Lawn Memorial-Parks and Mortuaries website]

Architecture

The church is built of flint, with stone dressings and a tiled roof. Although the 19th-century work by Scott also used flint, its pattern is more even than the random distribution seen in the original walls. The entrance is at the west end, opposite the village green, and reached through a lychgate dating from 1897 in memory of Revd Arthur Thomas, vicar of the church for 47 years until his death in 1895. (Two windows in the square tower are also memorials to him.) The entrance door is flanked by two heavy buttresses. On top of the steeply pitched roof at the west end is a small cross, and a large clock is embedded in the wall below this.

The main structures of the nave, chancel and tower are all original. There are a series of trefoil and lancet windows on all sides, many of which are paired. Many of these have stained glass; most were designed by Sir Edward Burne-Jones. In particular, the east wall has three tall lancet windows and a quatrefoil; the lancet windows, installed in 1893 in commemoration of Burne-Jones's daughter Margaret's marriage, represent the archangels Gabriel, Michael and Raphael.cite web|title=St Margaret, Rottingdean, East Sussex|url=http://www.roughwood.net/ChurchAlbum/EastSussex/Rottingdean/RottingdeanStMargaret2004.htm|accessdate=2008-06-20|publisher=Mark Collins|date=2004-01-03|work=The Roughwood website]

The church today

St Margaret's was listed at Grade II* on 13 October 1952. It remains in active use for worship, and is the only Anglican church in the Benefice of Rottingdean.cite web|title=Rottingdean, Diocese of Chichester|url=http://www.achurchnearyou.com/parish.php?p=10/110|accessdate=2008-06-19|publisher=Oxford Diocesan Publications Ltd|year=2007|work=A Church Near You website] [http://www.achurchnearyou.com/parish.php?p=10/110 The parish] covers the whole of Rottingdean—reaching to the boundaries of Ovingdean and Saltdean—the coast road as far as Roedean, and surrounding areas of downland.

Services are held in the church on Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays for the parish, and on Wednesdays for pupils at St Margaret's Church of England Primary School.cite web|title=Service Times|url=http://www.stmargaret.org.uk/index.php?link=3|accessdate=2008-06-20|publisher=St Margaret's Church|year=2007|work=St Margaret's Church website] Sermons are available to download as podcasts.cite web|title=Parish Podcasts|url=http://www.stmargaret.org.uk/index.php?link=6|accessdate=2008-06-20|publisher=St Margaret's Church|year=2007|work=St Margaret's Church website]

References