White-headed Woodpecker

White-headed Woodpecker

Taxobox
name = White-headed Woodpecker
status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1
status_ref = [IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=47360|title=Picoides albolarvatus|downloaded=06 May 2006 Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern]


image_width = 200px
image_caption = Male White-headed Woodpecker
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Piciformes
familia = Picidae
genus = "Picoides"
species = "P. albolarvatus"
binomial = "Picoides albolarvatus"
binomial_authority = (Cassin, 1850)
subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
subdivision =
* "P. a. albolarvatus" Taxobox_authority | author = (Cassin | date = 1850) Common White-headed Woodpecker
* "P. a. gravirostris" Taxobox_authority | author = (Grinnell | date = 1902) Southern White-headed Woodpecker
synonyms =
* "Leuconerpes albolarvatus"
Taxobox_authority | author = (Cassin | date = 1850)

The White-headed Woodpecker ("Picoides albolarvatus") is a non-migratory woodpecker that resides in pine forests of the mountains of western North America. It has a black body (approximately 20 cm long) and white head. It has white primary feathers that form a crescent in flight. Males have a red spot at the nape of the neck.

The range of the White-headed Woodpecker stretches in the mountains from British Columbia through southern California. They form nests in dead trees or snags and reproduce once per year.

Most of the range is occupied by the nominate subspecies. "P. a. gravirostris", which has a longer bill - especially in males - and tail, is only found on mountaintops of the southernmost part of the species' range, from the San Gabriel Mountains to San Diego County. Mount Pinos birds are somewhat intermediate. mtDNA cytochrome "b" and ATP synthase subunit 6 sequence data confirms this arrangement and also suggests that the Mount Pinos birds are closer to "P. a. gravirostris" (Alexander & Burns, 2006). Apparently, the larger bill of the southern subspecies is an adaptation for being better able to feed on the large, spiny cones of Coulter Pines ("Pinus coulteri").

References

* Alexander, Matthew P. & Burns, Kevin J. (2006): Intraspecific Phylogeography and Adaptive Divergence in the White-headed Woodpecker. "Condor" 108(3): 489–508. DOI: 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108 [489:IPAADI] 2.0.CO;2 [http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1650%2F0010-5422(2006)108%5B489%3AIPAADI%5D2.0.CO%3B2 HTML abstract]

External links and references

* [http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/1998/forest/species/picoalbo.htm USGS Forest and Rangeland birds]
* [http://www.dfg.ca.gov/whdab/html/B305.html California Department of Fish and Game]
* [http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/end_species/species/whtwood.html Royal British Columbia Museum]
* [http://audubon2.org/webapp/watchlist/viewSpecies.jsp?id=211 Audubon watchlist]
* [http://ca.geocities.com/woodpeck2006/whiteheaded.html White-headed Woodpecker] , a bibliographic resource
* [http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?VIREO_SESSION_ID=3971226539fb08d98b6fa54d8ad1b24b&Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=white-headed+woodpecker&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 White-headed Woodpecker photo gallery] VIREO
* [http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=3881 White-headed Woodpecker videos] on the Internet Bird Collection


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