Italian 132nd Armored Division Ariete

Infobox Military Unit
unit_name=132^ Divisione (later Brigata) Corazzata "Ariete"


caption=Italian 132^Armored Division/Brigade "Ariete" Shoulder Insignia
countryItaly
allegiance= Italian Army
type=Division, later Brigade
branch=Army
dates=February 1 1939 – December 8 1942
April 1 1943–October 1 1986 (132^Armored Division)
October 1 1986–present (132^Armored Brigade)
specialization=Tank
command_structure= (blank)
size=
current_commander=Brig.Gen. Roberto Ranucci
garrison=Pordenone
ceremonial_chief=
nickname=Ariete (Ram)
motto="ferrea mole, ferreo cuore"
colors= blue and red
march=
mascot=Ram Head
battles= World War II
IBIS in Somalia
Vespri Siciliani
Constant Forge in Bosnia (SFOR)
Joint Guardian and Consistent Effort in Kosovo (KFOR)
ISAF in Afghanistan
Antica Babilonia in Iraq
notable_commanders=Pietro Giannattasio
Gian Marco Chiarini
anniversaries=

The Ariete Armoured Division is a unit of the Italian military that has existed since 1939.

World War II

The Ariete Armoured Division was formed in Milan in February 1939 and designated the 132nd. It was initially made up of the 8th Bersaglieri (motorised infantry) regiment, the 32nd tank regiment (equipped with L3/35 light tanks and a few M11/39 medium tanks), the 132nd artillery regiment, and additional divisional support units. The division was moved to the French border at the outbreak of World War II, but was kept in reserve during the short campaign on that front.

Later, some battalions of the 32nd Tank Regiment (the I and II M11/39 Medium tank battalions and the III and V M13/40 Medium tank battalions) were moved to Libya to become part of the Special Armoured Brigade belonging to General Rodolfo Graziani’s 10th Army. From December 1940 to February 1941, the British Western Desert Force overran the 10th Army, occupying the whole of Cyrenaica and endangering the Italian presence in North Africa. It was then decided to employ the whole Ariete Division on that front line, and on 24 January 1941, the first echelons of the division disembarked at Tripoli. From February 1941 to November 1942, the Ariete Division took part in the North Africa campaign attached to the Italian Corpo d'Armata di Manovra (Mobile Corps), later to become XX Motorized Corps, beside Rommel's Deutsche Afrika Korps.

In particular, reinforced in 1941 with the 132nd Tank Regiment (which later completely replaced the 32nd, disbanded in mid-1942), it took part in the first German – Italian counteroffensive to retake Cyrenaica, and the siege of Tobruk. With this regiment, its battalions (initially the VII, VIII and IX, the former two later replaced by the X and XIII), now equipped with M13/40 and/or M14/41 medium tanks, and starting in early 1942, the V and VI battalions, equipped with M40 75/18mm semoventi (assault gun) from the 132nd Artillery Regiment, the division fought in the deserts of Libya and Egypt. [http://www.avalanchepress.com/Ariete.php] The "Ariete" and supporting Italian infantry units were responsible for capturing 5,000 New Zealand and British troops during the Italo-German counterattacks on November and December 1941. Recalling the loss of the 21st New Zealand Infantry Battalion, Lieutenant-Colonel Howard Kippenberger, who later rose to command the 10th New Zealand Brigade, wrote that, "About 5.30 p.m. damned Italian Motorized Division (Ariete) turned up. They passed with five tanks leading, twenty following, and a huge column of transport and guns, and rolled straight over our infantry on Point 175." [http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Tobr-c24.html] It later took part, during the second counteroffensive, in the invasion of Egypt and the three battles of El Alamein.

During the last of these battles it sacrificed its roughly 120 obsolete tanks in the attempt to counter the enemy offensive and cover the withdrawal of the army. On 4 November at about 15:30, the few surviving tanks, surrounded by an overwhelmingly superior enemy, broadcast their last message, quoting: : Enemy tanks broke through South of ARIETE Division. ARIETE thus surrounded, located 5 km northeast of Bir-el-Abd. ARIETE tanks fight!Then they were destroyed to the last tank.

On 21 November 1942, following the unfavorable wartime events on North African theatre, the division was disbanded, and its name kept by a task force gathering up its remnants, which kept fighting throughout the retreat and subsequent battle of Tunisia. It was forced to surrender along with the rest of the Axis army in North Africa.

On 1 April 1943, as a tribute (the Division was the most cited unit in the War Bulletin), it was reconstituted as 135th ARIETE II Armoured Cavalry Division, made up of cavalry regiments. The division was located in northeastern Italy, with the following subordinate units:
* "Montebello lancers" Armoured Reconnaissance Group
* "Vittorio Emanuele II’s Lancers" Armoured Cavalry Regiment
* "Lucca light horse" Motorised Cavalry Regiment
* 135th Artillery Regiment
* 235th semoventi artillery Regiment
* antitank battalion, equipped with 75/34mm semoventi
* minor divisional support units

It comprised the following armoured fighting vehicles:
* 48 M15/42 tank
* 15 semoventi L40 da 47/32
* 96 semoventi M42 da 75/18
* 12 semoventi M43 da 75/34
* 24 semoventi M42 da 75/32
* 24 semoventi M43 da 105/25for a total of 247 tank and semoventi plus 50 armoured car.

The division was moved to central Italy following the fall of Mussolini's government and took part to the defence of Rome from 8 to 10 September 1943, counterattacking German Panzergrenadier and Paratroops units, and performing a last stand at St. Paul's Gate. Because Supreme Headquarters decided to avoid unnecessary sacrifices and losses, the division was ordered to surrender and was then disbanded.

Post World War II

In 1948, it was once again reconstituted at Forte Pietralata in Rome as a brigade, and displayed in Pordenone on 25 July 1949. On 1 October 1952, the brigade was expanded back to division level, formed with the same regiments as the African campaign:
* 8th Bersaglieri Regiment
* 132nd Tank Regiment
* 132nd Artillery Regimentits establishment was completed by
* 19th Reconnaissance Cavalry Squadron
* Pioneers Engineers Battalion
* Signals Battalion

Cold War

In 1963, Ariete adapted its organization to NATO standards, with the reconstitution of 32nd Armored Regiment later transforming its regiments into brigades (two armoured brigades, one mechanized brigade, one artillery brigade). In September 1968, Brigade HQs were disbanded.

In 1975, following the reorganization of Italian Army, Ariete was reorganized, incorporating the 32nd "Mameli" and 132nd "Manin" Armored Brigades and the 8th "Garibaldi" Mechanized Brigade. It kept this structure until 10 October 1986, when it was downsized to a brigade, its name being taken over by former 132nd "Manin" Armoured Brigade.

In peacetime, during years 1966 – 1976 – 1980 – 1994 – 1998, Ariete units assisted civilians hit by natural disasters (Vajont, Friuli, Irpinia, Piedmont, Campania), earning several awards. During the same period, some of its units took part in peacekeeping support operations in Lebanon and Somalia, and to domestic support and border control operations. On further modification to its task organization, Ariete acquired its current configuration. 132nd Ariete Armoured Brigade is an active member of Italian Army Reaction Forces; it belongs to 1st Operational Command from Vittorio Veneto, and it is attached to 3rd (UK) Division as a part of ACE Rapid Reaction Corps.

Recently, the Brigade's HQ, HQ & Tactical Support Battalion and Combat Service Support Battalion finished a tour of duty in Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina – 1998), under the provision of the SFOR mandate for Operation Constant Forge, and three times in Kosovo (1999 – 2000, 2001, 2002) in Operation Joint Guardian, then Operation Consistent Effort, attached to NATO's Kosovo Force.

In 2001, the first enlisted women joined the ranks of some brigade units.

In 2002, elements from 10th Combat Engineer Regiment, and in 2004 the 132nd Artillery Regt, took part to Operation Isaf in Afghanistan. A significant part of the brigade was twice deployed to Iraq in early 2004 and late 2005 to early 2006. The latest overseas commitment started in early October 2007 and is due to last until Spring 2008.

Present day

The Ariete Brigade is one of the major formations of the Italian Army. Its headquarters is located in Pordenone, and the present commander is Brigadier General Paolo Ruggiero.

Today, the brigade is composed of:
* "Ariete" Combat Service Support Battalion (Pordenone)
* )
* 32nd Tank Regiment (Tauriano)
* 132nd Tank Regiment (Cordenons)
* )
* 11th Bersaglieri Regiment (Orcenigo Superiore)
* 132nd Artillery Regiment (Maniago)
* )

References

* Ian W. Walker, "Iron Hulls, Iron Hearts; Mussolini's Elite Armoured Divisions in North Africa", 2006 ISBN 1-86126-646-4

External links

* [http://www.theblackvault.com/documents/wwii/marine1/1296ii.pdf German General Tells How Ariete Fought]
* [http://www.avalanchepress.com/Ariete.php American Historian Praises Ariete In North Africa]
* [http://www.comandosupremo.com/ Comando Supremo: Italy At War]