Space–time trellis code

Space–time trellis codes (STTCs) are a type of space–time code used in multiple-antenna wireless communications. This scheme transmits multiple, redundant copies of a trellis (or convolutional) code distributed over time and a number of antennas ('space'). These multiple, 'diverse' copies of the data are used by the receiver to attempt to reconstruct the actual transmitted data. For an STC to be used, there must necessarily be multiple "transmit" antennas, but only a single "receive" antennas is required; nevertheless multiple receive antennas are often used since the performance of the system is improved by so doing.

In contrast to space–time block codes (STBCs), they are able to provide both coding gain and diversity gain and have a better bit-error rate performance. However, being based on trellis codes, they are more complex than STBCs to encode and decode; they rely on a Viterbi decoder at the receiver where STBCs need only linear processing.

STTCs were discovered by Vahid Tarokh et. al in 1998.cite journal|author=Vahid Tarokh, Nambi Seshadri, and A. R. Calderbank|title=Space–time codes for high data rate wireless communication: Performance analysis and code construction|journal=IEEE Transactions on Information Theory|pages=744–765|volume=44|issue=2|date=March 1998|doi=10.1109/18.661517] cite journal|author=Vahid Tarokh, Ayman Naguib, Nambi Seshadri and A. Robert Calderbank|title=Space–time codes for high data rate wireless communication: performance criteria in the presence of channel estimation errors, mobility, and multiple paths|journal=IEEE Transactions on Communications|pages=199–207|volume=47|issue=2|date=February 1999|doi=10.1109/26.752125]

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