St. Mary's Church, Chepstow

Infobox church
name = St. Mary's Church, Chepstow
fullname = The Priory and Parish Church of St. Mary
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caption = The 11th century Norman doorway of St. Mary's Church
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denomination = Church in Wales
diocese = Monmouth
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vicar = Revd Chris Blanchard
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address = Chepstow, Monmouthshire, Wales
country = United Kingdom
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The Priory and Parish Church of St. Mary is located in Chepstow, Monmouthshire, south east Wales. Parts of the building, including its ornate west doorway, date from the late 11th century and are contemporary with the nearby Norman castle.

Foundation and history of the priory

It was founded around 1072 as a Benedictine priory by William fitzOsbern and his son Roger de Breteuil, 2nd Earl of Hereford. FitzOsbern had been granted the Lordship of Striguil by his second cousin King William in gratitude for his support in the Norman conquest of England, and was responsible for starting the building of a new castle overlooking the River Wye on the border with the kingdoms of Wales. At the same time he established a nearby monastic cell, so as to collect rent from the lands within Gwent which he had granted to his home Priory of Cormeilles in Normandy. Before long, the monastic establishment, on a ridge overlooking the river about 300 metres from the castle, had the status of an alien priory in its own right, though it probably never held more than about 12 monks.Rick Turner and Andy Johnson (eds.), "Chepstow Castle - its history and buildings", 2006, ISBN 1-904396-52-6] John Newman, "The Buildings of Wales: Gwent/Monmouthshire", 2000, ISBN 0-14-071053-1] It superseded an earlier Augustinian priory located about 2 km away, which was dedicated to the Welsh saint Cynfarch (or St. Kingsmark), a disciple of St. Dyfrig.Miranda Aldhouse-Green and Ray Howell (eds.), "Gwent In Prehistory and Early History: The Gwent County History Vol.1", 2004, ISBN 0-7083-1826-6]

As Chepstow developed as a market town and port around the castle and priory during the mediaeval period, the nave became used as the parish church. The first vicar appointed by authority of the king, John de Hemmyngburg, is recorded in 1348. The priory had extensive grounds, probably including most of the land south of the church enclosed by Chepstow's 13th century town wall or Port Wall. During the Hundred Years' War between England and France in the 14th century, the priory became detached from its association with Cormeilles, and instead became attached at different times both to Llantarnam Abbey near Caerleon and to Bermondsey Abbey in Southwark. The priory was eventually suppressed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1536, at which time there were still three monks in residence. Most of the priory buildings, including the choir part of the church, the cloister, chapter house, lodgings and kitchens, were demolished at that time, and the foundations are buried beneath a car park beside the current church. Remains of a large barn and well were also found during excavations in the 1970s. [Chepstow Society, "Chepstow Town Trail", 1990]

The present building

Part of the Norman church remains, but it has been greatly modified over later centuries. The original Priory Church was built in local yellow Triassic sandstone, with a long vaulted nave, massive piers, and a notably ornamented west entrance doorway with zig zag and lozenge patterns. These parts remain. However, later extensions and modifications have used other varieties of stone in other architectural styles, with the result that the whole church has been described as "an extraordinarily disjointed building."

The main central tower of the original church fell down through disrepair in 1701, destroying the transepts. A new wall was then built at the eastern end of the nave, and its western end built up to form a new tower. This was completed in 1706 under the ministry of Thomas Chest, who was vicar from 1701 to 1740. The Norman doorway of five concentric arches was moved from a demolished north porch to provide the main west entrance, with windows from the fallen central tower placed above it.J. R. Guy and E. R. Smith, "Ancient Gwent Churches", 1979, ISBN 0-903434-36-9] In 1841, through the influence of Edward Copleston, Bishop of Llandaff, who lived locally, the aisles were removed, and the eastern end, crossing and transepts were rebuilt.Ivor Waters, "The Town of Chepstow", 1972] Further work partly to restore the Norman character of the nave was begun in 1890, but was abandoned unfinished in 1913.

The church contains two fonts, one of Norman origin and the other from the 15th century. There are several notable tombs and memorials, including that of Henry Somerset, 2nd Earl of Worcester, and the Jacobean tomb of local benefactor Margaret Cleyton with her two husbands and 12 children. It also contains the tomb of Henry Marten, signatory to King Charles I's death warrant, who was imprisoned in Chepstow Castle until his death in 1680. [ [http://www.visionwebsites.co.uk/Contents/Text/Index.asp?SiteId=137&SiteExtra=14722766&TopNavId=287&NavSideId=1489 Chepstow Town Council] ] His memorial includes an acrostic epitaph.

The organ, one of the few in the country with pipework dating from the early 17th century, was originally made for Gloucester Cathedral before being moved to Bristol Cathedral in 1663 and then to Chepstow possibly as early as 1685, and certainly by the 18th century. [http://npor.emma.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N09831 1898 specification of the organ] , [http://npor.emma.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N09814 1943 specification of the organ] , [http://npor.emma.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N14915 1996 specification of the organ] , [http://npor.emma.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=D05271 1999 specification of the organ] , National Pipe Organ Register, the British Insititue of Organ Studies, 2008. Retrieved 29 September 2008] [John P. Harris, "The Priory and Parish Church of St. Mary, Chepstow", 1997] It was rebuilt and expanded in 1906, and has undergone a variety of maintenance and repair work since. Eight of the ten bells in the tower date from 1735 and were made in Chepstow by William Evans; the two lightest bells were added in 1959 and were cast by John Taylor & Co.. [ [http://www.dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=chepstow&DoveID=CHEPSTOW Details for Chepstow S Mary] , Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 2008-06-03.] The original clock mechanism was also made locally in the 18th century, and kept time until replaced by an electric clock in 1965.

References

External links

* [http://www.chepstowchurchestogether.org.uk/ Churches together in Chepstow] , includes contact details for St Mary's
* [http://www.visionwebsites.co.uk/Contents/Text/Index.asp?SiteId=137&SiteExtra=14722766&TopNavId=287&NavSideId=1489 Chepstow Town Council site - St. Mary's Church]