11th millennium and beyond

The 11th millennium and beyond is a period of time that will begin on 1 January, 10001 CE. Several predictions have been made concerning this future time period. This article is a compendium of these predictions ranging from factual astronomical knowledge to the predictions of science fiction.

Astronomical events

This section lists several rare astronomical events expected to occur after the year 10000. [ [http://www.marco-peuschel.de/simtrans.pdf Simultaneous Transits by Meeus and Vitagliano] (pdf, 315KB)] [ [http://www.marco-peuschel.de/planetenundregulus.htm Conjunctions of Regulus and the planets] de icon] [ [http://www.marco-peuschel.de/simultantransit.html Accuracy of calculations] de icon]

All dates are in a uniform time scale like Terrestrial Time. When converted to our ordinary solar time or Universal Time, which is decidedly non-uniform, via ΔT, the dates would be a few days earlier. Because of this difference, these dates have no anniversary relation to historical dates. Furthermore, they are only astronomical dates, so they are given in the astronomical format of Year Month Day.

Arecibo M13 message

*25000: The 1974 interstellar radio message sent by the Arecibo Observatory finally arrives at its destination, the M13 Great Globular Cluster.

Barnard's Star

*11800: Closest approach of Barnard's Star to the Sun at 3.8 light-years. [ [http://www.solstation.com/stars/barnards.htm Barnards star] ]

Earth's orbit

*~12000: Axial tilt of Earth will reach a minimum, near 22°.
*~14000: Vega will become the North Star.
*~28000: Eccentricity of Earth's orbit will reach a minimum, near 0.

atellite reentry

*~52005–52010: KEO satellite time capsule expected to reenter.

Coincidences of nodes of planets

*12720: Coincidence of the nodes of Mercury and Venus.
*67730: Coincidence of the nodes of Mercury and Venus.

pecial transits

imultaneous occurrence of solar eclipse and transit

*10663 August 20: Total solar eclipse and a transit of Mercury.
*11268 August 25: Total solar eclipse and a transit of Mercury.
*11575 February 28: Annular solar eclipse and a transit of Mercury.
*15232 April 5: Total solar eclipse and a transit of Venus.
*15790 April 20: Annular solar eclipse and a transit of Mercury.

imultaneous transits of Mercury and Venus

*13425 September 13: In a time interval of only 16 hours a transit of Mercury and a transit of Venus takes place.
*18713 October 08: Simultaneous transit of Mercury and Venus takes place on Mars.
*19536 August 09: Simultaneous transit of Mercury and Venus takes place on Mars.
*20029 May 21: Simultaneous transit of Mercury and Venus takes place on Mars.
*69163 July 26: Simultaneous transit of Mercury and Venus.
*224508 March 29: Simultaneous transit of Mercury and Venus.

Transit of Uranus from Neptune

*38172 October: A transit of Uranus from Neptune takes place, the rarest of all planetary transits.

Mutual planetary transits

*40396 December 1: Uranus transits Neptune

Misc. transits

*571741: A simultaneous transit of Venus and the Earth from Mars will take place. [J. Meeus, A. Vitagliano, PDFlink| [http://chemistry.unina.it/~alvitagl/solex/Simtrans.pdf Simultaneous transits] |315KB, "Journal of the British Astronomical Association" 114/3 (2004)]

Occultations of bright stars by planets

10000–11000

*10032 November 1: Venus occults Regulus.
*10494 November 9: Venus occults Regulus.
*10674 October 5: Mercury occults Aldebaran.
*10956 November 16: Venus occults Regulus.
*10974 April 28: Ceres occults Antares.

11000–12000

*11398 December 11: Mercury occults Regulus.
*11418 November 24: Venus occults Regulus.

12000–13000

*12063 July 28: Mars occults Regulus.
*12115 December 5: Venus occults Regulus.
*12233 December 23: Mercury occults Regulus.
*12308 January 10: Mars occults Regulus.
*12347 July 30: Mars occults Regulus.
*12812 December 15: Venus occults Regulus.

13000–14000

*13189 February 9: Mercury occults Regulus.
*13207 January 25: Mars occults Regulus.
*13534 November 28: Mercury occults Aldebaran.
*13595 January 11: Mercury occults Regulus.
*13744 December 29: Venus occults Regulus.

14000–15000

*14121 January 18: Mercury occults Regulus.
*14161 March 11: Venus occults Regulus.
*14384 January 22: Mercury occults Regulus.
*14619 August 10: Mars occults Regulus.
*14647 January 26: Mercury occults Regulus.
*14910 January 29: Mercury occults Regulus.

After 15000

*22767 April 18: Ceres occults Aldebaran.
*23527 August 1: Pallas occults Castor.
*40529 January 11: Ceres occults Aldebaran.
*41367 January 7: Ceres occults Aldebaran.

Predicted events after year 1,000,000

Please note that there are many different theories and models about our universe and its past, present and future behavior. Because of these factors, the events listed in this section should not be considered definitive, complete or necessarily consistent with one another.

*8,400,000: LAGEOS 2 satellite time capsule re-enters Earth's atmosphere.
*600,000,000 to 3,500,000,000 (estimates vary): Slow but steady increase in solar luminosity will cause Earth's oceans to evaporate, leaving it inhospitable to life. [ [http://www.astronomycafe.net/qadir/q1886.html Sten Odenwald, "How do you think the Earth will finally come to an end?"] ] [ [http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Lectures/vistas97.html Richard W. Pogge, "The Once and Future Sun"] ]
*1,000,000,000: The last total solar eclipse on Earth will occur, due to the Moon's orbit gradually becoming larger and spreading away from the earth (see Tidal acceleration for more on this). [Anthony Kendall, " [http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=476 The Final Total Eclipse] "]
*3,000,000,000: The Andromeda Galaxy and our Milky Way Galaxy are predicted to collide.
*5,000,000,000: The Sun becomes a red giant and any remaining life on Earth, and possibly Earth itself, is destroyed.
*7,000,000,000: The Sun becomes a white dwarf about the size of the Earth.
*17,000,000,000: The Sun will become a black dwarf. [ [http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/dwarfs.html White Dwarfs - introduction] ]
*100,000,000,000: The Virgo Supercluster merges into one super galaxy, millions of light-years across, filled of Red Dwarfs and small amounts of White Dwarfs. Other superclusters have also merged, yet have been separated from each other by distances of more than a billion light-years due to the acceleration of Dark Matter and Energy.
*100,000,000,000,000 to 1,000,000,000,000,000 (one quadrillion): The Big Freeze according to many cosmologists. Intelligent life existing then may flee to other universes, as suggested by the physicist Michio Kaku. Beginning of the Degenerate Era of our universe. End of normal star formation and normal stars in the Milky Way/M31 super-galaxy. New stars formed only via brown dwarf collisions every hundred billion years or so.
*100,000,000,000,000 to 10,000,000,000,000,000 (ten quadrillion): The Universe ends in a Big Crunch according to Frank Tipler's Omega Point Theory, but its inhabitants experience an infinite subjective lifetime.
*10,000,000,000,000,000,000: The Galaxy relaxes gravitationally. Ninety percent of stars escape into intergalactic space while the rest merge with the central Black Hole.
*10⁴⁰: Beginning of the Black Hole Era of our universe, unless proton decay does not occur.
*10¹⁰⁰ (one googol): If the theory of black hole evaporation is correct, it is predicted by many astronomers that all the black holes in our universe will have evaporated by around this year, the beginning of the Dark Era of our universe, unless proton decay does not occur.
*10¹⁵⁰⁰: Cold fusion occurring via quantum tunnelling should make the light nuclei in ordinary matter fuse into iron-56 nuclei (see isotopes of iron.) Fission and alpha-particle emission should make heavy nuclei also decay to iron, leaving stellar-mass objects as cold spheres of iron.
*$10^\{10^\{76$: Quantum tunnelling may make iron stars collapse into neutron stars.

One theory holds that the universe will stop expanding and start to contract, ultimately disappearing in the Big Crunch, the event where the universe collapses back to singularity. Others postulate that the universe may experience the Big Rip, where the expansion of the universe becomes so powerful that even the spacetime breaks apart. A third theory anticipates that the universe will continue expanding indefinitely at an ever-increasing pace, with the universe eventually approaching heat death.

Eras

*20874: An Islamic calendar year will be entirely within a Gregorian calendar year of the same number.
*48900: The Julian calendar and Gregorian calendar will be one year apart.
*428899: The last year of the Kali Yuga, the current and last of four Hindu Yugas (eras).

Technology

*May 28, 60,056: Date range for NTFS expires (2⁶⁴ x 100 nanoseconds since 1601-01-01).
*December 4, 292,277,026,596: 64-bit Unix time resets to zero.
*December 31, 170,141,183,460,469,231,731,687,303,715,884,105,727: 128-bit Unix time resets to zero.

cience fiction

*12004–12006 : The events of Eureka Seven take place.
*12005: According to the Doctor Who episode End of the World, a new Roman Empire has been established on Earth by this year.
*12090: The events of Vampire Hunter D take place.
*12569: The setting of the science fiction project Orion's Arm.
*14090: The events of take place.
*14292: On July 6, Takaya Noriko and Kazumi Amano will return to Earth after detonating the Black Hole Bomb in 2048, according to the last episode of the Japanese animation OVA series Gunbuster.
*17276: The events of the game Xenogears begin.
*20001: The events of the occur.
*20031: The events of the game Tyrian take place.
*24th millennium: The events of Frank Herbert's "Dune" take place.
*25th millennium: The events of Isaac Asimov's "Foundation" take place.
*Early 30th millennium: The Fall of the Eldar occurs. Slaanesh is born (Warhammer 40,000).
*28702: In the Anarchy Online universe, the planet Rubi-Ka is discovered by the Omni-Tek Corporation.
*30200: In the Warhammer 40,000 universe, the Horus Heresy begins.
*37166: Survey party to Zeta Minor at edge of the Known Universe is destroyed by antimatter lifeforms. Imperial Morestran Probeship sent to investigate, assisted by the Doctor from Doctor Who.
*40000: The character of Barbarella travels to Planet Lythion and defeats Durand Durand and his positronic ray, the Magmous, several twins with killer dolls, and the Black Queen of Sogo with her entourage of Black Guards.
*Many events in the Warhammer 40,000 universe take place.
*~60000: ("Empire of the Petal Throne" universe) Mankind first visits Nu Ophiuchi d, the planet Tékumel, and starts to terraform and then colonise it.
*~61000: Tékumel is abruptly thrust into a "pocket universe", the cataclysm (known as the Fall of Man) bringing about the Time of Darkness ("chùstlaqólkoi" in modern Tsolyáni).
*~66000: Tékumel emerges from the Time of Darkness and enters the Latter Times.
*85271: Many of the events of the DC Comics' DC One Million series take place. Superman emerges from his 15,000-year exile in his Fortress of Solitude inside the sun.
*200000: The year that the British science fiction television program "Doctor Who" episode The Long Game takes place.
*200100: The year that the British science fiction television program "Doctor Who" episodes Bad Wolf and The Parting of the Ways take place.
*802701: The year that the Time Traveller meets the Eloi and the Morlocks in "The Time Machine" by H. G. Wells.
*1001986 One million years later from 1986, when the events of Kurt Vonnegut's Galápagos have taken place and humanity has evolved to seal-like creatures with limited thinking.
*In the "Babylon 5" universe, approximately one million years after the founding of the Interstellar Alliance (2262 AD), humans evolve into beings of energy. They leave Earth for the old Vorlon homeworld — and ultimately destroy the solar system to keep any remaining technology out of the hands of younger races.
*In the show "Red Dwarf", "Red Dwarf" is a gigantic spaceship belonging to the Jupiter Mining Corporation. An on-board radiation leak kills everyone except for Dave Lister, who was in suspended animation at the time. Three million years later, Lister emerges from stasis as the last human being alive.
*In the documentary "The Future Is Wild", scientists believe that in 5,000,000 years time, the world will be in an ice age. The Mediterranean Sea will be a vast salt plain and the Amazon rainforest will be no more. Creatures of this land include huge killer birds, thin-legged pigs, sticky-frilled lizards and birds that act like whales. Humans, by this time, have either gone extinct or have left the planet.
*10,000,000: The year that the British science fiction television program "Doctor Who" episode The Ark takes place.
*20,000,000: The approximate date when "The Night Land" is set.
*30,000,000: The Time Traveller finds himself on a shoreline with a thin atmosphere, a black sky with few stars, the moon gone, and no evidence of intelligent life — HG Wells' "The Time Machine"
*In the documentary "The Future Is Wild", scientists speculate that in 100,000,000 years time, the world will be very hot due to excess volcanic activity. Antarctica will be a lush rainforest. Creatures of this world include enormous tortoises, amphibious octopuses, four-winged birds and rodent eating spiders. At this time, there is also only one species of mammal left, which is preyed upon by the spiders.
*In the documentary "The Future Is Wild", scientists speculate that in 200,000,000 years time, the world will contain one global ocean and one continent, like Pangaea. Approximately 100,000,000 years before this time, there was a mass extinction and now most of the world's land is desert, with a couple of rainforests around the edge. Creatures of this world include air-breathing flying fish, giant plankton, various huge worms, highly specialized insects and intelligent, arboreal land-squid. There are no mammals, no birds, no reptiles, no amphibians, only one species of flowering plants and only sharks left to represent aquatic fish. Other creatures have moved in to fill these niches.
*In the show "Time Squad", main characters live in the year 100,000,000.
*1,000,000,000, in an episode of Pinky and The Brain, nuclear fallout has created a species of super-intelligent cockroaches who intend to take over the world with use of a "world domination kit". Brain, obcessed with taking over the world, steals the kit and returns in a time machine to the 20th century.
*c. 5,000,000,000: The year of The End of the World in the British science fiction television program "Doctor Who". The date is given as "5.5/Apple/26" — implying that the explanation of 5 billion was an approximation.
*5,000,000,023: In the British science fiction television program "Doctor Who", in the episode New Earth, Humans are shown to have moved to a new planet and called it New Earth in the galaxy M87.
*10,000,000,000: Arthur C. Clarke's novel, Against the fall of night, takes place.
*c. 100,000,000,000: The consciousness of all Human beings fuses into one Man and attempts to solve the entropy problem with the Cosmic AC in Isaac Asimov's "The Last Question".
*400,000,000,000: The Ren and Stimpy show-within-a-show "Commander Hoek" takes place in this far future era
*5,000,000,000,000: The Sun dies in Olaf Stapledon's history of humanity Last and First Men.
*c. 10,000,000,000,000: Man fuses with AC and Entropy destroys the universe in Isaac Asimov's "The Last Question".
*100,000,000,000,000: In the British science fiction television program Doctor Who, in the episode Utopia, Humans are shown to have moved to a new planet as refugees and are waiting to fly to Utopia to escape what is implied to be The Big Crunch or heat death, also known as the End of the Universe. As indicated in dialogue in the episode, after having evolved into different forms over the millennia, humans by this time have re-evolved back into the same humanoid form known today.
*500,000,000,000,000,000,000: In Stephen Baxter's "" novel, the last descendants of humanity, close to the Big Freeze, make some changes to our near present in order to release the universe's vacuum energy, spawn new universes, and avoid letting the Big Freeze happen.

ee also

* Alpha Centauri
* Ultimate fate of the universe

References