Alexander Wilkinson

Infobox Military Person
name=Alexander Wilkinson
lived=6 December 1892 – death date and age|df=yes|1983|9|19|1892|12|6
placeofbirth=Sydney, Australia
placeofdeath=England
allegiance=United Kingdom
branch=British Army
serviceyears=1913–47
rank=Colonel
commands=14th Battalion, Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)
99 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
unit=Army Service Corps
Coldstream Guards
battles= World War I
World War II
*4th Battle of Monte Cassino
awards=Distinguished Service Order (DSO)
Military Cross (MC) and Bar
George Medal (GM)
laterwork= Amateur cricketer
Colonel William Alexander Camac Wilkinson DSO, MC and Bar, GM (6 December 1892 – 19 September 1983) was a highly decorated British Army officer and English cricketer. Australian born, he served with the British Army in both the First and Second World Wars. After the Second World War he spent some time in Graz, Austria as Senior Military Government Officer in the occupation forces.

He also had a first-class cricket career lasting 27 years and was regarded as one of the most consistent batsmen of his day despite playing much of his career with an injured hand after being shot during the First World War and narrowly avoiding having his hand amputated. [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/23000.html Cricinfo profile] ]

Personal life

Born in Sydney in 1892, the son of Middlesex cricketer William Wilkinson, who was in practice as a doctor in the city, he was educated firstly at Eton College before leaving to finish his schooling back in Australia. He first visited Austria in 1906, beginning a long connection with that country.cite newspaper The Times|articlename=Colonel A. C. Wilkinson |author=Arthur Farrand Radley |section=Obituaries |day_of_week=Monday |date=26 September 1983 |page_number=12 |issue=61647 |column=G] He eventually attended Oxford University between 1910 and 1914, representing them at cricket and hurdling. He died in Sussex in 1983, aged 90.

Army career

First World War and after

Wilkinson first joined the British Army as a second lieutenant on the unattached list of the Territorial Force, being commissioned on 18 August 1913. [LondonGazette|issue=28747|startpage=5939|date=19 August 1913|accessdate=2008-05-20] Following the outbreak of the First World War, he was appointed a temporary second lieutenant in the Army Service Corps on 3 November 1914. [LondonGazette|issue=28969|startpage=9133|endpage=9134|date=10 November 1914|accessdate=2008-05-20]

On 6 January 1916 he was appointed a probationary Special Reserve second lieutenant in the Coldstream Guards. [LondonGazette|issue=29428|supp=yes|startpage=278|endpage=279|date=4 January 1916|accessdate=2008-05-20] He was promoted to lieutenant on 21 October 1915, [LondonGazette|issue=30878|supp=yes|startpage=10245|date=30 August 1918|accessdate=2008-05-20] and acting captain on 20 July 1917. [LondonGazette|issue=30333|supp=yes|startpage=10551|date=12 October 1917|accessdate=2008-05-20] He was awarded the Military Cross (MC) on 26 September 1917, [LondonGazette|issue=30308|supp=yes|startpage=9972|endpage=9980|date=25 September 1917|accessdate=2008-05-20] and the citation was published on 9 January 1918, reading: [LondonGazette|issue=30466|supp=yes|startpage=581|endpage=652|date=8 January 1918|accessdate=2008-05-20]

quote|Lt. William Alexander Camac Wilkinson C. Gds., Spec. Res.

For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in commanding his company with the utmost fearlessness and ability after his company commander had become a casualty. Having led them in the attack, he walked up and down during consolidation, regardless of the fact that enemy snipers were firing at very close range, urging his men to greater efforts so that they should get quickly undercover. Later in the evening, he made a personal reconnaissance of a strong point, made his dispositions before dark, and subsequently led his company forward and captured it with the greatest dash and gallantry.

He was also awarded a bar to the MC. After the war, he reverted to lieutenant on 4 April 1919. [LondonGazette|issue=32296|supp=yes|startpage=3168|date=19 April 1921|accessdate=2008-05-20] From 17 December 1920 to 3 September 1923 he was assistant superintendent of the school of army physical training. [LondonGazette|issue=32238|supp=yes|startpage=1543|date=22 February 1921|accessdate=2008-05-20] [LondonGazette|issue=32867|startpage=6582|date=2 October 1923|accessdate=2008-05-20] He was promoted to substantive captain on 15 September 1924. [LondonGazette|issue=32985|startpage=7668|date=24 October 1924|accessdate=2008-05-20] On 2 January 1928 he was seconded to act as adjutant of a Territorial Army unit, the Honourable Artillery Company, [LondonGazette|issue=33355|startpage=954|date=10 February 1928|accessdate=2008-05-20] holding the appointment until his promotion to major on 1 March 1931. [LondonGazette|issue=33695|startpage=1451|date=3 March 1931|accessdate=2008-05-20] [LondonGazette|issue=33702|startpage=2063|date=27 March 1931|accessdate=2008-05-20] He retired on 1 September 1933. [LondonGazette|issue=33974|startpage=5731|date=1 September 1933|accessdate=2008-05-20]

econd World War

Recalled to the army with the start of World War II, Wilkinson was a temporary lieutenant-colonel commanding 14th Battalion, the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) when a number of his men strayed into a minefield. Several were killed, and one injured man could be seen in the middle of the mined area, still moving. Royal Engineers had been sent for to clear the mines, and a doctor who happened to be present gave the opinion that the wounded man was unlikely to survive. Whilst the doctor was talking to the other officer present, Wilkinson entered the minefield, and managed to bring out the wounded man single-handed. For these actions, Wilkinson was awarded the George Medal (GM) on 8 July 1941, as was the Royal Engineer officer, Major Arthur Henry Musgrave Norris who subsequently cleared the remainder of the minefield, and Regimental Sergeant Major Ernest Joseph Legg (West Surreys) and Lance-Sergeant Harry Fred Hardy (RE) who assisted. [LondonGazette|issue=35213|startpage=3920|date=8 July 1941|accessdate=2008-05-20] [ [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7675248&queryType=1&resultcount=2 Documents Online—Recommendations for Honours and Awards (Army)—Image Details—Wilkinson, William Alexander Camac—George Medal] , The National Archives (fee required to view full original recommendation). Accessed 2008-05-21.
[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7675251&queryType=1&resultcount=1 Documents Online—Recommendations for Honours and Awards (Army)—Image Details—Legg, Ernest Joseph—George Medal] , The National Archives (fee required to view full original recommendation). Accessed 2008-05-21.]

Wilkinson transferred to the Royal Artillery on 1 June 1942 [LondonGazette|issue=35674|supp=yes|startpage=3647|date=18 August 1942|accessdate=2008-05-20] and was again a temporary lieutenant-colonel, commanding 99 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, when on 13 May 1944, during the final stages of the Battle of Monte Cassino he performed the actions that led to his appointment as a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order on 21 September 1944. His regiment had been detailed to make smoke to cover the bridges over the Rapido River, early in the day it was reported that there was no smoke covering one particular bridge (codenamed Amazon). Wilkinson took a jeep to investigate the situation for himself, approaching the bridge the trailer from another jeep was found, which contained the equipment for making smoke, which was then loaded into his own jeep. It was later determined that both officers responsible for the bridge had been injured (one killed), and the sergeant had also been killed, and initial supplies of smoke canisters had been exhausted. Wilkinson proceeded to cross the bridge on foot, under mortar and small arms fire, carrying replacement smoke canisters. He managed to begin the re-establishment of the smoke screen, left the one man still there tending the new smoke canisters, and gathered an additional party of men to ensure the screen was maintained. [LondonGazette|issue=36710|supp=yes|startpage=4369|date=19 September 1944|accessdate=2008-05-20] [ [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7646631&queryType=1&resultcount=2 Documents Online—Recommendations for Honours and Awards (Army)—Image Details—Wilkinson, William Alexander Camac—Distinguished Service Order] , The National Archives (fee required to view full original recommendation). Accessed 2008-05-21.]

With the end of hostilities, Wilkinson was appointed to the military government in the British Zone in Austria, based in Graz, from July 1945. He was noted for his broadcasts, in German, on the local radio service, covering the province of Styria, of which Graz is the capital. He continued in this role until his second retirement, on 5 July 1947, he was granted the honorary rank of colonel.LondonGazette|issue=38006|supp=yes|startpage=3062|date=1 July 1947|accessdate=2008-05-20] The retirement was ostensibly because he had exceeded the age limit for service, but his obituary in "The Times" states that it was due to his disagreeign with the official policy of forcible repatriation to Russia.

He made many subsequent visits to the region, and in 1977 was awarded the Grand Gold Medal of Honour by the Styrian provincial government. Shortly before his death, he attended a dinner given in his honour at Goodwood House by the then Landeshauptmann (provincial governor), Dr Joseph Krainer.

Cricket career

Early career

Infobox cricketer biography
playername = Alexander Wilkinson
country = England
batting = Right-handed
bowling = Right-arm slow
role = Batsman
club1 = MCC
year1 = 1914-1939
club2 = Free Foresters
year2 = 1914-1939
club3 = Combined Services
year3 = 1920-1931
club4 = Army
year4 = 1919-1931
club5 = Harlequins
year5 = 1927
club6 = Gentlemen of England
year6 = 1923
club7 = Oxford University
year7 = 1913-1914
club8 = HK Foster's XI
year8 = 1912
type1 = First-class
debutdate1 = 30 May
debutyear1 = 1912
debutfor1 = HK Foster's XI
debutagainst1 = Oxford University
lastdate1 = 28 June
lastyear1 = 1939
lastfor1 = MCC
lastagainst1 = Oxford University
deliveries = balls
columns = 1
column1 = First-class
matches1 = 89
runs1 = 4785
bat avg1 = 31.48
100s/50s1 = 8/25
top score1 = 129
deliveries1 = 548
wickets1 = 12
bowl avg1 = 32.08
fivefor1 = 0
tenfor1 = 0
best bowling1 = 4/32
catches/stumpings1 = 49/0
date = 18 May
year = 2008
source = http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/33/33882/33882.html CricketArchiveA right-handed batsman and right-arm slow bowler, [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/33/33882/33882.html CricketArchive profile] ] Wilkinson played twice for the Sussex second XI in 1910, [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/33/33882/Other_matches.html Other matches played by Alexander Wilkinson] at CricketArchive] though he never played for the first team, nor did he play county cricket at all. [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/33/33882/First-Class_Matches.html First-class matches played by Alexander Wilkinson] at CricketArchive]

He did however have a substantial first-class career spanning more than a quarter of a century, making his debut for HK Foster's XI against Oxford University during the 1912 English cricket season. He played for the University against Foster's team the following year and played eight first-class matches in all for the University that year, gaining his blue when he played against Cambridge University at Lord's in July.

He played six more first-class matches for the university team in the 1914 season, including a match against the MCC at Lord's, though he was eventually dropped from the team after having a poor season.

Post-war

Wilkinson was shot in the right hand during the first world war, and almost had to have it amputated. This left him with little strength in the hand, though he could hold a bat with it. He was also left unable to do much fielding on his right side. Despite these handicaps, he continued to play cricket, playing 74 more first-class matches, and he was never considered a liability in the field.

His return to first-class cricket came in June 1919 when he played for the Free Foresters against both university teams. He also played for the MCC against Oxford University and in July played first-class cricket for the British Army cricket team for the first time, playing against the Royal Navy at Lord's. He followed this with non first-class matches for the Army against the RAF and for the MCC against Buckinghamshire.

In the 1920 season he played for the Free Foresters against Oxford University before playing for the Army against both university sides and the Royal Navy. He also made his debut for the Combined Services cricket team this season, playing against the Gentlemen of England at Lord's. During the season he again played a handful of non first-class matches, playing for the Old Etonians against the Old Harrovians, for the Army against a Public Schools XI, and for the MCC against a combined Minor Counties team.

The 1921 season saw him test himself against international opposition for the first time when he played for the Combined Services against the touring Australians. He also again played for the Free Foresters against Oxford University and for the Army against both universities and the Navy. He played the same three matches for the Army in the 1922 season, though he didn't play for the Free Foresters, and played a first-class match for the Combined Services against Essex as well as non first-class matches for the Household Brigade against Eton College and for I Zingari against Winchester College.

That winter he went on a tour of Australia and New Zealand with the MCC. No Test matches were played on the Australian leg of the tour, [ [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/AUS/1922-23_AUS_Marylebone_Cricket_Club_in_Australia_1922-23.html MCC in Australia 1922/23] at CricketArchive] though three matches were played against New Zealand on that leg. These were not Test matches though, [ [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/NZ/1922-23_NZ_Marylebone_Cricket_Club_in_New_Zealand_1922-23.html MCC in New Zealand 1922/23] at CricketArchive] as New Zealand had not yet gained Test status. [ [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Countries/21.html New Zealand] at CricketArchive] They were however first-class matches, and Wilkinson played in all three, making a total of 11 first-class matches across the two tours.

Back in England, Wilkinson again played for the Army in first-class matches against both universities and the Royal Navy before playing in that year's Gentlemen v Players match at the Oval. The same matches for the Army were repeated in the season and he also played first-class cricket for the Combined Services against South Africa.

The rest of the 1920s was filled with many matches for the Army against the same familiar opponents, though there were exceptions. He played for the Harlequins against Oxford University in 1927, for the Army against New Zealand the same year and for the Free Foresters against Oxford University in 1929. The Army's match against the Royal Air Force was also first-class in 1928 and 1929. In 1927 he went on a tour of Egypt with the Free Foresters, playing twice against the Egyptian national side.

In 1930, after playing for the Army against the RAF and the MCC, he played for the MCC against Wales. The following year, he played for the Free Foresters against Oxford University, for the Army against Oxford University and the RAF, and for the Combined Services against New Zealand before playing his final first-class match for the Army against the MCC in August. He captained the Army team for this match, [ [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/14/14055.html Scorecard] of MCC v Army, 15 August 1931 at CricketArchive] which was his last first-class match for almost three years.

Later career

In April 1933 Wilkinson played twice for Egypt against HM Martineau's XI. He captained the team in both matches [ [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/135/135984.html Scorecard] of Egypt v HM Martineau's XI, 20 April 1933 at CricketArchive] and scored a century in the second. [ [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/135/135985.html Scorecard] of Egypt v HM Martineau's XI, 24 April 1933 at CricketArchive] He resumed his first-class career in May 1934 with a match for the Free Foresters against Oxford University, and over the following five years was a regular for the Free Foresters and the MCC, usually playing first-class matches against the two university teams, though he also played for the MCC against Kent in the 1935 season. His last first-class match was for the MCC against Oxford University in June 1939.

As well as his first-class matches, he also played for the MCC in minor matches. He played twice against Ireland in 1935 and 1937, against a Canadian XI in 1936 and against Scotland in 1939. He continued playing club cricket after World War II and scored a century in his final game, which he reckoned to be his hundredth in all cricket.

tatistics

In his 89 first-class matches, Wilkinson scored 4785 runs at an average of 31.48. He made eight centuries, his highest score of 129 coming in 1913 for Oxford University against the MCC. He made the runs inside 90 minutes. He took twelve wickets at an average of 32.08, with his best innings bowling figures of 4/32 coming for Oxford University [ [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/33/33882/f_Bowling_by_Team.html First-class bowling for each team by Alexander Wilkinson] at CricketArchive] against HDG Leveson-Gower's XI [ [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/33/33882/f_Bowling_by_Opponent.html First-class bowling against each opponent by Alexander Wilkinson] at CricketArchive] in the 1913 English cricket season. All his wickets came that season. [ [http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/33/33882/f_Bowling_by_Season.html First-class bowling in each season by Alexander Wilkinson] at CricketArchive]

Golf

Wilkinson also represented the Household Brigade at golf, [cite newspaper The Times|articlename=Golf—Household Brigade Tour |author=|section=Sport|day_of_week=Monday |date=5 October 1931 |page_number=7 |issue=45945|column=A] and played for the Harlequins golf club. [cite newspaper The Times|articlename=Golf—The Lord Warden Cup|author=|section=Sport|day_of_week=Monday |date=17 August 1936 |page_number=6 |issue=47455|column=C]

References