Allied-administered Austria

Infobox Former Country
native_name =
conventional_long_name = Allied-administered Austria
common_name = Austria
continent = Europe
region = Central Europe
country = Austria
status=Military occupation
era = Cold War
year_start = 1945
year_end = 1955
event_pre = Capture of Vienna
date_pre = 13 April, 1945
event_start =
date_start = 27 April, 1945
event_end = Austrian State Treaty
date_end = 27 July, 1955
event_post = Declaration of Neutrality
date_post = 26 October, 1955
p1 = Nazi Germany
flag_p1 = Flag of Germany 1933.svg
s1 = Austria
flag_s1 = Flag of Austria.svg

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image_map_caption = Occupation zones in Austria (1945).
capital = Vienna
title_leader = Governors (1945)
leader1 = Gen. McCreery
year_leader1 = UK zone
leader2 = Lt. Gen. Béthouart
year_leader2 = French zone
leader3 = Gen. Clark
year_leader3 = US zone
leader4 = Marshal Konev
year_leader4 = Soviet zone
title_representative = President
representative1 = Karl Renner
year_representative1 = 1945 - 1950
representative2 = Theodor Körner
year_representative2 = 1951 - 1957
title_deputy = Chancellor
deputy1 = Karl Renner
year_deputy1 = 1945
deputy2 = Leopold Figl
year_deputy2 = 1945 - 1953
deputy3 = Julius Raab
year_deputy3 = 1953 - 1961
footnotes = In 1938 the First Austrian Republic had become part of Nazi Germany through an enforced annexation, the "Anschluss". The Moscow Declaration of 1943 declared the "Anschluss" null and void and so set the restoration of an independent Austrian state as one of aims of the Allies. Karl Renner had formed a Provisional Government in late April 1945 and it had, by declaration, separated Austria from Germany. Following the outbreak of peace, this government was very quickly recognised but Austria was still divided into four Allied zones of occupation and Vienna, which was enclosed by the Soviet Zone, was further divided into four, with an additional International Zone at its heart.

The Allied occupation of Austria ended in 1955 and sovereignty was restored via the Austrian State Treaty.

History

The Vienna Offensive ended on 13 April, 1945 with the Soviet capture of Vienna. Western Allied forces reached Austria a couple of weeks later. On 27 April, 1945 — almost two weeks before the Nazi surrender on May 8 — Austria was declared independent from the Greater German Empire and the Second Austrian Republic was established.

At the end of the war, Austria and Vienna were divided into 4 zones of occupation, following the terms of the Potsdam Conference. With the permission of the Soviet forces, a provisional government was established in Vienna on April 29 and the first post-war legislative election took place on November 25, 1945. Karl Renner, the first Chancellor of post-World War One Austria, was appointed as Austria's first Chancellor, this appointment lasted until the end of 1945, when Renner became the first President of the Second Republic.

On May 15, 1955, the Austrian State Treaty was signed, officially establishing Austrian independence and sovereignty. The treaty was enacted on July 27 and the last Allied troops left the country on 25 October. On the following day, 26 October, the Declaration of Neutrality was enacted, establishing Austria as a permanently neutral country. For this reason, October 26 is Austria's national holiday.

ee also

*Allied Occupation Zones in Germany
*Soviet Occupation Zone in Germany

External links

* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Austria.html#Allied Allied High-Commisioners for Austria]