Battle of Stratton

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Stratton
partof=the First English Civil War
date=16 May 1643
place=Stratton, Cornwall
result=Royalist victory
combatant1=Royalists
combatant2=Parliamentarians
commander1=Sir Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton
commander2=Earl of Stamford
strength1=2400 foot, 500 horse
strength2=5400 foot, 200 horse, 13 guns
casualties1= ?
casualties2= 300 dead
1,700 captured [ [http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1643-south-west.htm 1643: Civil War in the South-West ] ]

The Battle of Stratton was a battle of the south-western campaign of the First English Civil War. Fought on 16 May 1643, the resulting victory for Hopton confirmed Royalist control of Cornwall and destroyed Parliament's field army in Devon.

Prelude

Discovering that Sir Ralph Hopton was advancing his Cornish Royalists into Somerset to join Prince Maurice, the Earl of Stamford was determined to prevent this. He deployed his army on a hill half a mile to the north of Stratton [ [http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/civil-war/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=44 UK Battlefields Resource Centre - The Civil Wars - The Campaign for the South West 1643 - The Battle of Battle of Stratton ] ] and waited for Hopton. Previously, on 15 May, Stamford had sent the bulk of his calvary under Sir George Chudleigh to seize Bodmin. Hopton, despite being outnumbered two to one, decided to take advantage of the lack of Parliamentarian calvary and attack Stamford.

The battle

Before dawn on 16 May, Hopton divided his army into four columns of 600 men and two cannon, keeping his horse in reserve. Hoping to surprise Stamford's army, these four columns advanced from four different directions around 5am. Hopton led the first column from the south, whilst Major-General Basset attacked from the north and Sir Bevil Grenville and Sir Nicholas Slanning attacked from the west.

The attack lost the element of surprise at the last moment, being discovered by a sentry who roused the Parlaimentarian troops. Close action followed for the next eight hours, with determined effort on both sides. With the Royalist troops running short of ammunition, the Parliamentarian pikemen under Major-General James Chudleigh charged Sir Bevil Grenville's regiment. Grenville was knocked over and his troops shaken, but Sir John Berkeley's musketeers made a counter-charge that stopped the Parliamentarian momentum and began to push their enemy back up the hill.

Against the odds the Royalist troops began to push forward, and around 3-4 pm the Royalist columns met at the top of the hill. On reaching the summit, Hopton released the Royalist cavalry as the Parliamentarians gave way. Stamford's defence crumbled under this pressure and his army fled the field. Three hundred Parliamentarian dead remained on the field, plus seventeen hundred prisoners.

Aftermath

Major-General James Chudleigh was taken prisoner. Accused of treason by Stamford, he promptly defected to the Royalists. The Earl of Stamford retreated to Barnstaple and then to Exeter, blaming the defeat on Chudleigh. Sir George Chudleigh abandoned Bodmin with his cavalry and retreated into Devon.

References

*Guest, Ken & Denise, "British Battles" (1997) ISBN 0-00-47-968-3

ee also

* Cornwall in the English Civil War

External links

* [http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1643-south-west.htm British Civil Wars site]
* [http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/civil-war/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=44 Battle of Stratton: 16 May 1643]