- Étienne Polverel
Étienne Polverel (1740—1795) was one of two French Revolutionary Civil Commissioners who ended slavery in
Saint-Domingue in 1793 during theHaïtian Revolution .Life
He was born in
Béarn , and served assyndic for the region, then served asjurist for the "Parlement " ofParis . He became a Freemason and a member of theJacobin Club , making himself known as an adversary of the deputies from the colonies, and a parisan ofJacques Pierre Brissot andLéger-Félicité Sonthonax . Aprosecutor for theRevolutionary Tribunal , he joined the Commune, and became a member of its General Council.Arrived in Le Cap aboard the "America" as a Civil Commissioner to
Saint-Domingue onSeptember 17 ,1792 , along with Sonthonax andJean-Antoine Ailhaud . Polverel was given charge of the West, and when Ailhaud abandoned his post, he took responsibility for the South as well.Although his more famous colleague Sonthonax is usually given full credit for this achievement, it was Polverel who wrote his own set of laws governing post-emancipation plantation labor, different from those established by Sonthonax; these remained in place under the rule of
André Rigaud until 1800. All laws were written without French overseeing, and theNational Convention conceded to accept them. They also demanded that all freed slaves continue to work on the plantations.Although France confirmed the end of slavery on
February 4 ,1794 , emancipation was controversial, and virulently opposed byMaximilien de Robespierre ; the two Commissioners were recalled to Paris. Polverel faced beingguillotine d, but Robespierre's fall occurred before a decision could be taken. He died there in Paris before being exonerated.External links
* [http://thelouvertureproject.org/wiki/ The Louverture Project] : [http://thelouvertureproject.org/wiki/index.php?title=Étienne_Polverel "Étienne Polverel" at "The Louverture Project"]
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