- Gago Coutinho
Carlos Viegas Gago Coutinho, GCTE, GCC, generally known simply as Gago Coutinho (pron. IPA2|'gagu co(ou)'tiɲu) (
17 February 1869 –18 February 1959 ) was a Portugueseaviation pioneer that, together withSacadura Cabral (1881-1924), was the first to cross the South Atlantic Ocean by air, from March to June 1922 (some sources wrongly claim 1919), fromLisbon toRio de Janeiro . [ [http://www.marinha.pt/Marinha/PT/Menu/DescobrirMarinha/MeiosOperacionais/Superficie/cientificos/DCarlos/nrp_gago_coutinho.htm N.R.P. Almirante Gago Coutinho] in Portuguese.]The Fairey seaplane used by Coutinho and Cabral for their transatlantic flight did not have enough fuel capacity to make the entire trip unaided so various stops were made along the way and the aviators were shadowed by a support ship, "República". On the journey down the Brazilian coast a heavy rain storm caused the aircraft’s engine to fail and the aviators were forced to ditch in the ocean. Realizing that something was wrong, the "República" sent out a distress signal asking other ships in the area to look out for the seaplane. After some time in the water, the aviators were found by a British freighter. The "Paris City" of the
Reardon Smith Line , under Captain A.E. Tamlyn, en route from Cardiff to Rio, rescued Coutinho and Cabral; they completed their journey with a new aircraft. A commemorative painting of the rescue [ [http://www.marinha.pt/extra/revista/ra_jul2002/pag35.html Um Guacho de Stuart] Illustration of the rescue - text in Portuguese] was produced by the Portuguese comic artist,José Stuart Carvalhais (‘Stuart’) .Gago Coutinho invented a type of
sextant incorporating two spirit levels to provide an artificial horizon [ [http://www.mat.uc.pt/~helios/Mestre/Novemb00/H61if_2.htm History of the Sextant] includes a photograph of a Gago Coutinho spirit level attachment.] . This adaptation of the traditional marine sextant allowed navigation without visual reference to the real horizon.References
External links
* [http://www.emfa.pt/www/po/musar/historia/1922.php?lang=ing) Map of the journey (Portuguese Air Museum)]
* [http://honeymooney.com/brazil/coutinho_cabral_summary.htm Story of the journey]
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