Print Matthews

John Prentiss "Print" Matthews (Aug. 27, 1840-Nov. 6, 1883) was a Reconstruction era social reformer and African-American rights advocate in Copiah County, Mississippi who was murdered in the act of voting after defying the local white supremacists order to not vote. Born near Hazlehunt, Mississippi to wealthy slave owning parents he became a Union supporter during the Civil War. After Democrats took over the area in 1875 Matthews was influential in organizing the Independent Party in Copiah County, consisting of black and white farmers. The Democrats began night riding to threaten African Americans ordering them to not vote for the Independent Party in the upcoming 1883 elections. The white Democratic leaders of Hazlehunt delivered a written ultimatum to Matthews ordering him not to vote. When he persisted, the precinct captain, a white farmer named Erastus B. "Ras" Wheeler, reached inside a wooden box for a double barreled shotgun and killed Matthews. [cite book|title = The Republican Campaign Textbook for 1884 | publisher = Republican National Committee| date = 1884 | location = New York| pages = 156–160 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=pboJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA157&dq=The+Republican+Campaign+Textbook+Print+Matthews&ei=P68USMI2g7q2A4WQpJcI ]

Trial

Wheeler was brought to trial in May 1884 before a specifically chosen all-white jury who quickly returned a verdict of not guilty, much to the pleasure and expectation of the judge and the community. Knowing full well the guilt of Wheeler the jury posted a statement noting that if an "error" occurred it was "one of the head, and not of the heart." J.T. Dameron, a merchant, testified that he saw Ras Wheeler in a street car in Jackson on the 13th or 14th of February. Wheeler was talking in a low tone. He said; "Yes, old Hoar is coming down here on an investigation committee. If I get a crack at him I will kill him, too. I killed Print Matthews, or rather it was the Democratic party that did it. If it had not been for politics, I would not have done it; but it was politics that did it." [Citation| last = Flower| first = Frank Abial | title = History of the Republican Party, embracing its origin, growth and mission, together with appendices of statistics and information required by enlightened politicians and patriotic citizens.| place = Springfield, Ill.| publisher = Union Pub. Co.| year = 1884 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=VmkFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA449&lpg=PA449&dq=print+matthews+1883+copiah&source=web&ots=pH8E50QJIy&sig=sqDFLot31BtlQRdUOqWIGiSSi3Y&hl=en] Ras Wheeler went on to a successful political career. [Citation| title = The Election Murder Trial| newspaper = The New York Times| year = 1884| date = May 14 | url =http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E05E7D6113BE033A25757C1A9639C94659FD7CF]

Family

Print Matthews was survived by his wife Mary "Tine" Barlow (married 06-06-1862). Matthews had a son, John Prentiss Matthews, Jr. who carried on his father's principles and became a leader in Republican politics. On Christmas Day, 1890 he suffered the same fate as his father when he was shot dead by local Democrats in Carrollton, Mississippi.

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