Peter Force

Peter Force (November 26, 1790 – January 23, 1868) was a 19th-century politician, newspaper editor, archivist, and historian.

Born near the Passaic Falls in New Jersey, to William, a soldier in the Revolutionary War and descendant of French Huguenots who arrived on America's shores in the 17th century, and Sarah Force (née Ferguson), Force grew up New Paltz, Ulster County, New York, and afterward moved to New York City, where he was schooled in the printing trade. During the War of 1812, he served in the Army, eventually rising to the rank of lieutenant. Moving to Washington, D.C. three years later, Force returned to the printing business as editor of the "National Journal" (1823–1841). After vigorously supporting John Quincy Adams' election to the 1824, he served locally as councilman and alderman. He was elected mayor of Washington in 1836 and 1838, but defeated in 1848, all as a member of the Whig Party.

His greatest achievement came as a collector and editor of historical documents. He published "Tracts and Other Papers, Relating Principally to the Origin, Settlement, and Progress of the Colonies in North America" (4 vol Washington, 1836–1846), which comprised rare pamphlets. His "American Archives" [ [http://stanklos.net American Archives] Consisting of a collection of authentick records, state papers, debates, and letters and other notices of publick affairs, the whole forming a documentary history of the origin and progress of the North American colonies; VOLS I-V M. St. Clair Clarke and Peter Force, 1837–44., 1837] was a collection of the most important documents of the American Revolution, 1774–1776. Twenty large folio volumes were planned but only the first 9 volumes were published between 1837 and 1853. Force's lifelong desire to establish an American national library finally came to fruition in 1867 when Congress purchased his own collection of original documents for $100,000 to found the Library of Congress.

Force died January 23, 1868 at the age of 77. His son, Manning Force, was an officer during the American Civil War.

Bibliography

* Peter Force, ed. "American Archives" 9 vol 1837–1853, major compilation of documents 1774–1776. [http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html online edition]
* Harlow, Ralph V. "Force, Peter," in "Dictionary of American Biography, Volume 3 (1931)
* Sung, Carolyn Hoover. "Peter Force: Washington Printer and Creator of the American Archives." unpublished PhD dissertation George Washington U. 1985. 338 pp. DAI 1986 47(3): 1036-1037-A. DA8529622 Fulltext: in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses

References

External links

* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/mss/coll/084.html Peter Force Library]