Levi Todd

Infobox Person
name = Levi Todd


image_size =
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birth_date = birth date|1756|10|4
birth_place = Montgomery County, Pennsylvania Colony
death_date = death date and age|1807|9|6|1756|10|4
death_place = Lexington, Kentucky, United States
death_cause =
nationality = Scots-Irish and Welsh decent
known_for = Early pioneer and businessman of Kentucky; co-founder of Lexington, Kentucky
occupation = Businessman, farmer and civil servant
home_town =
title =
term =
predecessor =
successor =
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religion =
spouse = Jane Briggs (1779–1800)
Jane Holmes (1802–1807)
partner =
children = 11 children
parents = David Todd, father
Hannah Owen, mother
relatives = John Todd, brother
Robert Todd, brother

Levi Todd (October 4, 1756 – September 6, 1807) was an 18th century American pioneer who, with his brothers John and Robert Todd, helped found present-day Lexington, Kentucky and were leading prominent landowners and statesmen in the state of Kentucky prior to its admission into the United States in 1792.

He was also the grandfather of Mary Todd Lincoln, the later wife of President Abraham Lincoln, born to his son Robert S. Todd, a longtime clerk of the Kentucky House of Representatives and later representative of Fayette County. His grandson John T. Stuart, born to his daughter Hannah Todd and noted Presbyterian preacher Rev. Robert Stuart, was a prominent Illinois lawyer and a later partner of Lincoln.Herndon, William H. and Jesse W. Weik. "Abraham Lincoln". Vol. 1 New York and London: Appleton & Co., 1913. (pg. 192-193)] Reynolds, John. "The Pioneer History of Illinois: Containing the Discovery, in 1673, and the History of the Country to the Year 1818". Chicago: Furgus Printing Company, 1887. (pg. 143)]

Two of his daughters married politicians, Jane Briggs marrying congressman Daniel Breck and Elizabeth Todd marrying Charles Carr, the son of Kentucky statesman Walter Carr. ["The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States, Volume XI". New York: James T. White & Co., 1901. (pg. 412)]

Biography

Early life

The youngest son of David Todd and Hannah Owen, Levi Todd was raised and educated with his brothers in Louisa County, Virginia and studied law under General Andrew Lewis. He later followed his brothers to Kentucky arriving with John Floyd to establish the settlement of Lexington in the summer of 1775. Following the completion of the stockade walls, Todd was elected one of four Gentlemen Trustees with David Mitchell, Henry McDonald and Michael Warnock following a town meeting held on March 29, 1776. Over the next year, Todd and the others would begin making plans for the construction of buildings and the eventual expansion of the settlement. [Hayden, Robert. "William Haydon, Kentucky Adventurer, 1740-1819". Little Rock: R. Haydon, 2000. (pg. 118) ISBN 0-9666756-2-2] In 1777, he was appointed the first clerk of Kentucky County.Kleber, John E. "The Kentucky Encyclopedia". Louisville: University Press of Kentucky, 1992. (pg. 888) ISBN 0-8131-1772-0]

Todd and his two brothers fought in the western theater of the American Revolutionary War under General George Rogers Clark during the Illinois campaign and, as a lieutenant, was present at the capture of Kaskaskia in 1778. He was also part of the detachment that captured British agent Philippe-François de Rocheblave and escorted him to Virginia as a prisoner-of-war. He was later awarded 2,156 acres of land at Clark's Grant for his service during the campaign. [Hayden, William. "Conquest of the Country Northwest of the River Ohio, 1778-1783". Indianapolis: Bowen-Merrill Company, 1896. (pg. 951-952)]

Following the campaign, Todd and his brothers returned to the settlement to encourage other pioneers to settle in Lexington as well as defend against occasional Indian attacks. He married his first wife, Jane Briggs, at St. Asaphs Fort in Lincoln County on February 25, 1779; they had eleven children. [Green, Thomas Marshall. "Historic Families of Kentucky". Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co., 1889. (pg. 207, 213)] In April, commanding a militia company from Harrod's Town, he took part in Colonel John Bowman's expedition against the Shawnee town of Chillicothe. [Harper, Lillie DuPuy. "Colonial Men and Times". Philadelphia: Kessinger Publishing, 2006. (pg. 26) ISBN 1428629610]

During this time, Todd became a farmer as well opening a successful law practice. He accumulated large amounts of land which he bought cheap as land strips from veterans received in lieu of payment by the federal government. His small farm eventually grew to a plantation covering three counties.Baker, Jean H. "Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography". New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1987. (pg. 4-8) ISBN 0-393-30586-4]

That same year, he founded "Todd's Station" on the northern bank of South Elkhorn Creek on the road the mouth of the Dick's River. Only a short distance from Lexington, he was forced to abandon the station the following summer due to threats of Indian attacks and settled in Lexington permanently.

Militiaman and civil servant

In 1780, he was appointed court clerk of Fayette County by Governor Isaac Shelby. For twenty-seven years until his death in 1807, he was chiefly responsible for recording depositions, the relinquishment of dowers, furnishing and keeping records of road surveys, making lists of taxable property, issuing marriage licenses, drawing up and keeping deeds and mortgages among other administrative duties. He also acted one of the first trustees to Transylvania University. Levi was one of the first recorded land holders when the city plans were finally adopted on December 26, 1781. In early 1782, the town council selected a new trustee board which included John Todd and William McConnell. [Wright, John D. "Lexington Heart of the Bluegrass: An Illustrated History". Louisville: University Press of Kentucky, 1994. (pg. 4) ISBN 0912839066]

He also served as a major in the Fayette County Militia and, on August 16, 1782, he led 40 militiamen from Lexington and Boone's Station after receiving news that British Captain William Caldwell and an Indian war party were raiding Bryan's Station, a small fortification five miles north of Lexington. Although 17 of his men were able to enter the fort, Todd and the others were forced to pull back. Caldwell attempted to burn down the fort, but was unable to force the Kentuckians surrender. He eventually retreated the following day, being satisfied with destroying the crops and livestock left outside. [Clark, Jerry E. "The Shawnee". Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1993. (pg. 107) ISBN 0-8131-1782-8]

Shortly after this incident, Todd participated at the Battle of Blue Licks, in which his brother John Todd was killed. As county clerk, he wrote the first contemporary account of the battle the following day as directed by his brother Robert Todd. It is considered the more accurate of five accounts available on the battle. He later wrote another account, the fifth and last published, as requested for both civil and military officials as their official report of the battle and included the eyewitness testimony of himself and Daniel Boone. [Whitsitt, William H. "Life and Times of Judge Caleb Wallace: Some Time a Justice of the Court Appeals of the State of Kentucky". Louisville: John P. Morton & Co., 1888. (pg. 90)] He succeeded Daniel Boone as commander of the militia becoming a major general.

He was also a delegate to the Kentucky statehood conventions in Danville, Kentucky on May 23, 1785, on August 8, 1785, and on September 18, 1787.

Later life

In 1787, he built the first brick house in Fayette County. Located on Richmond Pike outside Lexington, the house was named after the small Scottish village Ellerslie where the Todd family originated during the 16th century. Originally a one room-deep, two story square home on 30 acres, he hired the first arriving bricklayers and carpenters to expand the house, eventually turning it into a large country villa with an additional 20 rooms elaborately designed both inside and outside the home. The estate had a number of outbuildings, particularly a stone round house where Todd stored the public documents of Fayette County. In 1801, he also donated land on which the oldest standing Presbyterian Church in Fayette County, the Walnut Hill Presbyterian Church, was built. [Alvey, R. Gerald. "Kentucky Bluegrass Country". Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1992. (pg. 119) ISBN 0-87805-544-4]

In 1803, angry tenant farmers and squatters threatened to burn down the home, in an attempt to destroy court documents threatening their property rights as the result of a recent court decision. Although the Ellerslie estate itself was spared, his personal office was burned down by the mob on January 31. As a result, most of the early records of the settlement were destroyed. The remaining records still legible were later copied by a special committee. [Hogan, Roseann Reinemuth. "Kentucky Ancestry: A Guide to Genealogical and Historical Research". Salt Lake City: Ancestry Publishing, 1992. (pg. 227) ISBN 0-916489-49-3]

At the time of his death in 1807, he owned 7,000 acres in Fayette and Franklin County and was worth over $6,000. Among his possessions included silver, fine china and leather-bound books; his personal library also contained rare works by Mary Wollstonecraft, Edmund Burke and William Blackstone. He also owned twenty-one slaves, nine horses and other livestock, and a carriage. He was buried in Lexington Cemetery.

The family home was inherited by Robert S. Todd, who in turn left it to Margaret Preston in 1857, before its purchase by the Lexington Water Company in 1884. The company used several hundred acres to build a reservoir as well as present-day Mentelle Park; [Sehlinger, Peter J. "Kentucky's Last Cavalier: General William Preston, 1816-1887". Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2004. (pg. 194) ISBN 0-916968-33-2] the house itself existed until 1947 when it was torn down to build the now defunct Lexington Mall. [Edwards, Don. (May 27, 1999) 'Ghosts of time catch up with everything, even malls.' Herald-Leader]

References

Further reading

*Ranck, George W. "History of Lexington, Kentucky". Cincinnati, 1872.
*Staples, Charles. "The History of Pioneer Lexington, 1779-1806". Lexington, 1939.

Persondata
NAME = Levi Todd
ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
SHORT DESCRIPTION = Kentucky pioneer and civil servant
DATE OF BIRTH = October 4, 1756
PLACE OF BIRTH = Montgomery County, Pennsylvania Colony
DATE OF DEATH = September 6, 1807
PLACE OF DEATH = Lexington, Kentucky, United States