Troco

Troco (also called trucks and lawn billiards) is an English lawn game played with balls, cues and rings that remained popular through the Early modern period to the early 20th century. It is a forerunner of croquet and perhaps of cue sports such as billiards. [Gomme, "Traditional Games", p. 309] ["Important British Paintings 1500-1850", Sotheby's catalogue L07123 22 November 2007, p. 24]

"Enquire Within Upon Everything", a "vast congregation of useful hints and receipts" [gutenberg|name=Enquire Within Upon Everything|no=10766, editor's preface] published in the Victorian era, describes the game thus:

Blockquote|This is a game that may be played by any number of persons in a field or open space. The implements are wooden balls and long-handled cues at the ends of which are spoonlike ovals of iron. In the centre of the Troco ground is fixed a ring of iron, which moves freely on a pivot, the spike of the ring being driven into a piece of wood let into the ground. The wooden ball is lifted from the ground by means of the spoon-ended cue, and thrown towards the ring — the object of the player being to pass the ball through the ring; and he who succeeds in making any given number of points by fairly ringing his ball, or canoning against the other balls, wins the game.

Canons are made by the player striking two balls successively with his own ball fairly delivered from his spoon. Thus ... a clever player may make a large number of points — five, seven, or more at a stroke: two the first canon, two for a second canon, and three for the ring. This, however, is very seldom accomplished.

Considerable skill is required in throwing the ball, as the ring, turning freely on its pivot, twists round on being struck. To "make the ring," it is necessary, therefore, that the ball be thrown fairly through its centre. But in order to get nearer to it a judicious player will endeavour to make two or three canons, if the balls lie within a convenient distance and at a proper angle to each other. If the ball be thrown with sufficient force, it will glance off from the ball struck in a line corresponding to its first or original line of projection.

The oldest name in English seems to be "trucks" or "truck" from the Italian "trucco" and Spanish "troco" meaning billiards. [OED, see "troco" and "trucks".] Troco was popular as a country house pastime in the 19th century. Under the name "lawn billiards", it appears as an alternative to croquet in a number of books of games and pastimes of the period. [See for example "The Young Lady's Book: A Manual of Amusements, Exercises, Studies, and Pursuits" by Matilda Anne Planche Mackarness, 1888; "Cassell's Complete Book of Sports and Pastimes", 1896; "The American Girl's Home Book of Work and Play" by Helen Campbell, 1902.] Troco was also played at pubs with large lawns, but apparently died out by the time of World War II. [Collins, "Encyclopedia of Traditional British Rural Sports", p. 272]

Notes

References

: This article incorporates text from the 1894 edition of gutenberg|name=Enquire Within Upon Everything|no=10766, a document in the public domain due to its age.

*"Important British Paintings 1500-1850", Sotheby's catalogue L07123 22 November 2007
*Collins, Tony. "Encyclopedia of Traditional British Rural Sports", London: Routledge, 2005
*Gomme, Alice Bertha. "Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland", Volume II, 1898 (Dover Books reprint 1964)